. The Canadian field-naturalist. 238 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 89. Figure 3. An adult leech {Theromyzon rude) engorged with blood, partially protrudes through the nare of this adult Lesser Scaup. Such leeches were visible at considerable distance, particularly with the aid of binoculars or telescopes. from the nares, as we observed, or by shaking their heads and sneezing, forceably expelhng air through the nares while the bill is immersed in water, as reported by Kuznetsova (1955). Although we suspect ducks scratch and injure some engorged leeches protuding from their nares, we never
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 238 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 89. Figure 3. An adult leech {Theromyzon rude) engorged with blood, partially protrudes through the nare of this adult Lesser Scaup. Such leeches were visible at considerable distance, particularly with the aid of binoculars or telescopes. from the nares, as we observed, or by shaking their heads and sneezing, forceably expelhng air through the nares while the bill is immersed in water, as reported by Kuznetsova (1955). Although we suspect ducks scratch and injure some engorged leeches protuding from their nares, we never observed a duck to free itself of a leech through purposeful effort. Low (1945), however, reported that Redheads {Ay thy a americana) expelled the smaller leeches from their nasal chambers by sneezing. We used forceps to remove some of the more conspicuous leeches from the nasal chambers of ducks captured for banding. Kuznetsova (1955) suggested as a prophy- laxis rinsing the duck's nasal chambers with aqueous solutions of gastric juice, sodium chloride (10%), vinegar, or ammonia. Apparently the nasal chamber is the most prevalent site of infestation by leeches (Trauger and Bartonek, in press). Leeches have been reported in the nasal chambers of waterfowl by a number of North American workers (Kalmbach and Gunderson 1934; Sooter 1937; Low 1945; Erickson 1948; Meyer and Moore 1954; Banko 1960; Moore 1964, 1966). In Europe, Buchh (1924), Herter (1929), RoUinson et al. (1950), Mann (1951), and Kuznetsova (1955) documented the occurrence of leeches in nasal chambers of ducks and geese. Body Leeches were attached to the bird's body at places other than the conjunctiva of the eye or the mucosa of the nasal chamber, namely on legs, feet, breast, or cloaca. Leeches that had not yet fed were frequently seen moving on the plumage of recently killed birds. These movements were generally to-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally
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