Essentials in civil government; . lesson. In the Middle AtlanticStates and in the States of the great Middle West thereare within the county a number of smaller local gov-ernments known as townships (Lesson XVIII), which doa part of the work of local government, and leave a fairportion of that work for the county to do. In New Eng-land there are within the county a number of local gov-ernments known as towns (Lesson XVII), which perform ^ The county in Louisiana is known as the parish. Baltimore, St. Louis, Washington, D. C, and many cities in Vir-ginia are not located in counties. The city of
Essentials in civil government; . lesson. In the Middle AtlanticStates and in the States of the great Middle West thereare within the county a number of smaller local gov-ernments known as townships (Lesson XVIII), which doa part of the work of local government, and leave a fairportion of that work for the county to do. In New Eng-land there are within the county a number of local gov-ernments known as towns (Lesson XVII), which perform ^ The county in Louisiana is known as the parish. Baltimore, St. Louis, Washington, D. C, and many cities in Vir-ginia are not located in counties. The city of New York includes allthe territory of four counties. 85 86 LOCAL GOVERNMENT nearly all the services of local government and leave thecounty very little to do. Since the county in different parts of the country hasdifferent work to perform we must not expect countieseverywhere to have the same officers, nor can we expectto find county officers of the same name everywhereperforming precisely the same duties. Still, in many im- .-%. A County Courthouse and Jail portant matters county government is everywhere thesame. The County Seat.—Every county has a county seatwhere the courts are held and where the business of thecounty is transacted. The county seat may very prop-erly be called the capital of the county. It is the politicalcenter of the county, very often the geographical center,and in many cases the commercial center. Here arelocated the courthouse, the jail, and other county build- THE COUNTY 87 ings. Sometimes a county has two county seats, but thisoccurs very seldom indeed. The County Commissioners or Supervisors.—^Most ofthe pubHc business of the county is done by a Board ofCounty Commissioners^—called in some States Super-visors.^ This board consists of three or more memberswho hold their office for a term that varies, in differentStates, from one to six years. In most of the States theCounty Commissioners (Supervisors), like most of theother county officers, are
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