. Strength of materials: a practical manual of scientific methods of locating and determining stresses and calculating the required strength and dimensions of building materials . s in tension, in com-pression, and in shear respect-ively; that is, we speak of as^. , many workincr stresses as it has Fig. i, . kinds of vjojJihir/ streiKjili of a material to be used for a certainpurpose is meant the highest unit-stress to which the materialought to be subjected when so used. Each material has a workingstrength for tension, for compression, and for shear, and they are ino-eneral differen
. Strength of materials: a practical manual of scientific methods of locating and determining stresses and calculating the required strength and dimensions of building materials . s in tension, in com-pression, and in shear respect-ively; that is, we speak of as^. , many workincr stresses as it has Fig. i, . kinds of vjojJihir/ streiKjili of a material to be used for a certainpurpose is meant the highest unit-stress to which the materialought to be subjected when so used. Each material has a workingstrength for tension, for compression, and for shear, and they are ino-eneral different. ^^ factor of safety i^ meant the ratio of the ultimate strengthof a material to its workinof stress or streng^th. Thus, ifS^ denotes ultimate strength,S,„ denotes workincr stress or streno-th, andy denotes factor of safety, then f=^;^\^o&^ = ^.. (3) When a structure which lias to stand certain loads is aboutto be designed, it is necessary to select working strengths or fac-tors of safety for the materials to be used. Often the selection isa inatter of great importance, and can be wisely performed onlyby an experienced engineer, for this is a matter where hard-and-. STEENGTIL OF MATEPJALS 11 fast rules should not govern but rather the judgment of the there are certain principles to be used as guides in making aselectioUj chief among which are: 1. The working strength should be considerably below theelastic limit. (Then the deformations will be small and not per-manent.)
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