Italy from the Alps to Mount Etna . Of THE PIOUS PILGRIMAGES AND PROFANE PROMENADES. 255 Antiochus Epiphanes erect an image of Jupiter Olympus in their holy temple, in audaciousscorn of their God ; what tears and anguish of heart! Then follow the days of JudasMaccabeus and the Jewish heroes, days full of noble striving, and resounding with theclash of swords; what blood and cruelty! Pompey vanquishes the holy city, and theRoman toga sweeps over the altar of Jehovah ; Marcus Licinius plunders the temple withrobber-like hands ; and lastly comes the decisive period of the stern Titus. Jerusalem.


Italy from the Alps to Mount Etna . Of THE PIOUS PILGRIMAGES AND PROFANE PROMENADES. 255 Antiochus Epiphanes erect an image of Jupiter Olympus in their holy temple, in audaciousscorn of their God ; what tears and anguish of heart! Then follow the days of JudasMaccabeus and the Jewish heroes, days full of noble striving, and resounding with theclash of swords; what blood and cruelty! Pompey vanquishes the holy city, and theRoman toga sweeps over the altar of Jehovah ; Marcus Licinius plunders the temple withrobber-like hands ; and lastly comes the decisive period of the stern Titus. Jerusalem. ENTRANCE TO THE GHETTO. falls, and Israel, homeless, but still not hopeless, is carried into exile upon Italian the triumphal procession in which Olympian paganism celebrated its victory, thelast hope of Israel, the bold leader, Simon Bar-Cochba, was strangled in the Mamertineprison at the foot of the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. And then the Arch of Titus waserected as an eternal shame and stigma on the vanquished. Later on there followed theoppressions of Trajan, Hadrians fresh destruction of Jerusalem, and the subjugation andutter treading under foot of the Jews native land : it is laid waste, and the people haveno longer a permanent abiding place. After Constantine, a new and hydra-headed enemyattacks them ; fanatical Christendom, which clothes them with the robe of the Pariah injeering scorn, and brands the mark of Cain upon their brow. More terrible even than to 256 ITALY. be thrown to the beasts in the arena was exposure to the fury of the zeal-inflamedChristians,


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Keywords: ., bookauthorcavagnasangiulianidig, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870