On the Evidences of a Submergence of Western Europe, and of the Mediterranean Coasts, at the Close of the Glacial or So-Called Post-Glacial Period, and Immediately Preceding the Neolithic or Recent Period . d cliffs are low, so that they areentirely masked by the rubble, whereas the escarpment at Malak is so high, that the * In addition, Professor Hutton mentions Sus, Arvicola, and land shells; * Geol. Mag., vol. 3, p. 145, 1866. f Dr. Adams supposed that fragments of a black limestone, found in the breccia, were foreign to theisland, but Mr. Cooke has recently shown that a bed of this charact
On the Evidences of a Submergence of Western Europe, and of the Mediterranean Coasts, at the Close of the Glacial or So-Called Post-Glacial Period, and Immediately Preceding the Neolithic or Recent Period . d cliffs are low, so that they areentirely masked by the rubble, whereas the escarpment at Malak is so high, that the * In addition, Professor Hutton mentions Sus, Arvicola, and land shells; * Geol. Mag., vol. 3, p. 145, 1866. f Dr. Adams supposed that fragments of a black limestone, found in the breccia, were foreign to theisland, but Mr. Cooke has recently shown that a bed of this character does exist in the Lower CorallineLimestone; Geol. Mag. for August, 1892, p. 861, OF WESTERN EUROPE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN COASTS. 965 mass of ddbris has only sufficed to cover up the base of the cliff. I also take this brecciato be the equivalent of the breccia on the slopes of Gibraltar (the presence ofMammalian remains being a local condition), and of the breccia on the MentoneCoast, They all testify to the debris of a land surface, carried from higher to lowerlevels by a force acting vertically. Fig. —Section showing the position of the Bone Oaves and Bone Breccia on the Coast at Malah. 3. 9 it t, Modern , Ossiferous Breccia. 1, Malak Gave, with remains of Hippopotamus Pentlandi, and Pigmy Elephant. 2, Melleha Cave, witli remains of Hippopotamus. 3, Red clay on surface. A fact mentioned by Admiral Spkatt# tends to confirm the opinion I expressedwhen speaking of the Sicilian coast, that, previously to the submergence, the landstood at a higher level than, at present, for in excavating the naval docks at Valetta,the breccia of red earth, with fragments of surface debris and land shells, were foundin fissures and crevices of the rock at 20 feet and more below the present sea-level. Judging from the height at which the Rubble-drift is found it is probable thatthe island was wholly submerged. It is a significant, though not conclusive, fact,also, that not one speci
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