Medieval and modern times : an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . outright, while others disposed of theirholdings and settled in town. But the lord might still require allthose on his manor to grind their grain at his mill, balie theirbread in his oven, and press their grapes in his wine press. Thepeasant might have to pay a toU to cross a bridge or ferry whichwas under the lords control, or a certain sum for driving hisflock past the lords mansion. Many of the old arrangementsstill forced the peasant occupying a partic
Medieval and modern times : an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . outright, while others disposed of theirholdings and settled in town. But the lord might still require allthose on his manor to grind their grain at his mill, balie theirbread in his oven, and press their grapes in his wine press. Thepeasant might have to pay a toU to cross a bridge or ferry whichwas under the lords control, or a certain sum for driving hisflock past the lords mansion. Many of the old arrangementsstill forced the peasant occupying a particular plot of land to 442 General Conditions in the Eighteenth Century 443 turn over to the lord a certain portion of his crops, and, if he soldhis land, to pay the lord a part of the money he received for it. In England in the eighteenth century the prominent features Practical dis-of serfdom had disappeared much more completely than in ofsertdomFrance. The services in labor due to the lord had long been Englandcommuted irilo money payments, and the peasant was thustransformed into a renter or owner of his holding;. -a^^..>^^^^is. Fig. 121. The Oven of the Manor The oven at which those on the manor had to bake their bread was some-times a large stone structure in the open air. The one in the picturehas fallen into ruins since now the country people bake at home and soavoid paying the owner of the oven a part of the flour or bread for its use In central, southern, and eastern Europe the medieval system Condition of .,11 ,. 7 1 T 1 1 he serfs in still prevailed; the peasant lived and died upon the same manor, a great partand worked for his lord in the same way that his ancestors had he^e^ght-^worked a thousand years before. Everywhere the same crude eenth centuryagricultural instruments were still used, and most of the im-plements and tools were roughly made in the village itself. Thewooden plows commonly found even on English farms were 444 Medieval and Modem Times Wretchedho
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Keywords: ., bookauthorrobinson, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookyear1919
