A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . al,and peiity. He defended the country with vigorm V ^ ^^^ success against the Franks, and especially the Alamanni, over whom he won victories 298 at Langres, and at Vindonissa, and then erected strongdefences along the line from Lake Constance to Strasburg and May-ence. Galerius successfully defended the Lower Danube, winningmany successes over the Sarmatians (Fig. 103) and Carpi, and set-thng great numbers of the latter in Pannonia, in 295 ; whileDiocletian, in 296, attacked Egypt, which
A history of all nations from the earliest times; being a universal historical library . al,and peiity. He defended the country with vigorm V ^ ^^^ success against the Franks, and especially the Alamanni, over whom he won victories 298 at Langres, and at Vindonissa, and then erected strongdefences along the line from Lake Constance to Strasburg and May-ence. Galerius successfully defended the Lower Danube, winningmany successes over the Sarmatians (Fig. 103) and Carpi, and set-thng great numbers of the latter in Pannonia, in 295 ; whileDiocletian, in 296, attacked Egypt, which had revolted at thebeginning of his government. Alexandria was retaken by him earlyin 297, after a siege of eight months. Galerius then united forceswith Diocletian; and they inflicted in the same year such a decisivedefeat upon the Persian king Narses, that he was obliged to cedeseveral provinces beyond the Tigris to the Romans. Southern Arme-nia, as far as Lake Van, was joined directly to the empire ; and herewas built the strong fortress of Amida (Diarbekir). > Xw < 0 ?% CO i — fc. CO fc, CD llilihliiiliiliÄfe DIOCLETIANS REFORMS. 219 The further labors of Diocletian relate to internal reforms. Theemperors now reigned in their own right, no longer on the ground ofa recognition by tlie senate. The theory of divine right was fully de-veloped, and the monarch was no longer bomid by the laws. The titleDominus ( Lord ), and the oriental custom of bending the knee, nowbecame the official practice; and Sacer ( Holy} became the officialdesignation for imperial. At solemn audiences and festivals theemperor appeared with the diadem, the white circlet for the browstudded with pearls, and, after the fashion of the Persian kings, withgarments embroidered with gold and precious stones. Approach to thesacred person of the emperor was rendered more difficult by new cere-monies, by guards and numerous officials of the palace, and grantedonly to those of certain rank. The e
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