. Handbook of mental examination methods. tch with the other hand and a handker-chief to deaden the sound for the error test. A similar test may be made by whispering, and having thepatient report what was said. For this test it is best to use thenumerals, but without informing the patient that you are doingso. This test is, however, unsatisfactory (and sometimes unsafe)in eases in which auditory hallucinations are prominent. This ison account of the interpretations such patients may make if thesounds are misunderstood. Another similar test is with a tuning fork. The conditions inthis test dep
. Handbook of mental examination methods. tch with the other hand and a handker-chief to deaden the sound for the error test. A similar test may be made by whispering, and having thepatient report what was said. For this test it is best to use thenumerals, but without informing the patient that you are doingso. This test is, however, unsatisfactory (and sometimes unsafe)in eases in which auditory hallucinations are prominent. This ison account of the interpretations such patients may make if thesounds are misunderstood. Another similar test is with a tuning fork. The conditions inthis test depend upon the character of the tuning fork, and mustbe determined by the experimenter. (b) Air and Bone Conduction.—Place a vibrating tuning forknear the meatus, and when the patient can no longer hear thetone, place the handle of the fork on the mastoid bone or on theocciput. The results of this test will give some indication of thelocation of a defect of the auditory apparatus. (c) High Tone Range.—Use a Galton whistle (see Fig. 3),. Fig. 3. Galton whistle. .1, rubber bulb; B. whistle opening; C, piston scale. and determine the highest tone the patient can perceive. Careshould be taken that the patient hear a tone and not only the rushof air when the rubber bulb is squeezed. The results of this testare useful for determining cochlear disease, the lower portion ofthe cochlea containing the receiving apparatus for the high tones.(d) Direction of Sound.—Seat the patient in a chair and havehim close his eyes. Click two coins together in the imaginaryplane drawn midway between the ears, and have the patient lo-cate with the hand the approximate location of the source of thesound at different places (or use a practice sounder, see Fig. 4). 24 MENTAL EXAMINATION METHODS Normal individuals fail to locate well sounds produced midwaybetween the ears, but the localization, with equal hearing abilityof the two ears is as often on the right as on the left. If there
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