. The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. Natural history; Zoology; Botany; Geology. 366 Prof. G. Gulliver on Raphides. stand in the natural system between orders not thus producing raphides. The annexed woodcut (figs, 1 & 2) represents them in the ovule and in the berry of Fuchsia. Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 0 12 3 4 Scale, yg^ths of an inch. Fig. 1. Raphides in the ovule of Fuchsia. Fig. 2. Raphis-cells of the berry of Fuchsia. Fig. 3. Raphis-cells of the berry of Arum maculatum. Thus, taking the order Onagracese as a typical raphidiferous one, we have sho
. The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. Natural history; Zoology; Botany; Geology. 366 Prof. G. Gulliver on Raphides. stand in the natural system between orders not thus producing raphides. The annexed woodcut (figs, 1 & 2) represents them in the ovule and in the berry of Fuchsia. Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 0 12 3 4 Scale, yg^ths of an inch. Fig. 1. Raphides in the ovule of Fuchsia. Fig. 2. Raphis-cells of the berry of Fuchsia. Fig. 3. Raphis-cells of the berry of Arum maculatum. Thus, taking the order Onagracese as a typical raphidiferous one, we have shown the presence regularly of raphides through every part and period of growth of the vigorous plant, from the ovule, cotyledons, axis, leaves and their modifications, to the parts of fructification, and, finally, to the pulp of the berry. In most, if not all, species of the order, the raphides occur more or less in the anthers, filaments, style, and stigma, and, less plentifully, in the petals. Dioscoreacece.—The raphides are sometimes so very distinct and beautiful in this order, that they would be excellent exam- ples for demonstration at lectures. By simply drying on glass some of the juice of the berry of Tamus communis, the raphides may be preserved for an indefinite time; and, as they are about -pi^th of an inch long and -^ ^\ pth thick, they may be seen merely with the aid of a common hand lens. In the ripe berry the raphides generally occur naked, either singly or in the cha- racteristic bundles, destitute of a cell-wall. Aracece.—^wt the raphis-cells are so large and plain in the berry oi Arum maculatum, and thus continue for a long while in its ripe state, as to afford as good an example for the study of the development, form, and relations of the raphis-cell as the berry of Tamus is for the examination of the separate raphides. And, in this point of view, these very common berries arc well worthy of the attention of teachers and pupils. In the woodcut,. Please no
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