American journal of pharmacy . are distinguished from seeds of otherberry style and . stigma X 32 genera by their characteristic wrinkled surface and ^yoyimberX) Auatomy of EiUbU Bcrries. 535 from blackberry stones by their smaller size. Cross sections showthe two layers of endocarp, the testa with cells of the outer epidermistwice the diameter of those of the inner epidermis and with a middleparenchymatous layer, the endosperm of several cell layers and theembryo. The epidermis with hairs for the most part blunt, thin-walled andsinuous, and the crystal cells of the underlying mesocarp may ber
American journal of pharmacy . are distinguished from seeds of otherberry style and . stigma X 32 genera by their characteristic wrinkled surface and ^yoyimberX) Auatomy of EiUbU Bcrries. 535 from blackberry stones by their smaller size. Cross sections showthe two layers of endocarp, the testa with cells of the outer epidermistwice the diameter of those of the inner epidermis and with a middleparenchymatous layer, the endosperm of several cell layers and theembryo. The epidermis with hairs for the most part blunt, thin-walled andsinuous, and the crystal cells of the underlying mesocarp may bereadily found in mounts prepared from the gelatinous portion of theproduct. Vascular elements are almost entirely wanting, as thereceptacle is not picked with the fruit. THE BLACK RASPBERRY {Riibus occidentcUis L.).This species, a native of the Northern United States, is the parentof the black varieties. It differs from the red raspberry chiefly insmaller size of the drupelet and their deep purple-black color, due i;nr:T^?TTv. Fig. II.—Raspberry style in surface view, ep, epidermis; sp, spiral ves-sels ; k, crystal cells. X 300. to the dark claret-red cell juice. The pits of both are about thesame size and shape. The black raspberry has practically the samemicroscopic structure as the red species. Black raspberry jam or preserve is of a deep claret-red color andthe seeds are stained the same color. THE BLACKBERRY. Most of the works on systematic botany describe the dewberry,or running blackberry, as Rubus Canadensis L., the tall Americanblackberry as Rubus villosus Aiton ; but Bailey,^ who has examinedthe original specimens in European herbaria, has found thatLinnaeus species is the thornless blackberry {R. MillspaugJiii Brit-ton) and Aitons species is the dewberry. These names have beenrestored by Bailey to the plants to which they were originally ^ Loc. cit., pp. 366-379. 536 A?iato7nj of Edible Berries. {™ assigned, and the tall blackberry, which would otherwise
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