. Classification of the Coleoptera of North America [microform]. Beetles; Beetles; Coléoptères; Coléoptères. SCARABiEIDAE. 123 Sub-Family I.â LAPAROSTICTI. Besides the characters given by the position of the abdominal spiracles in the membrane connecting the ventral and dorsal seg- ments, and the ligula separate from the mcntnm, these insects, or at least a portion of them, exhibit characters not found in the other families. In many of them the upper surface of the head is much dilated on the front and sides (l)ut never reflcxed, as in most Mclolon- thida;); the clypeal suture
. Classification of the Coleoptera of North America [microform]. Beetles; Beetles; Coléoptères; Coléoptères. SCARABiEIDAE. 123 Sub-Family I.â LAPAROSTICTI. Besides the characters given by the position of the abdominal spiracles in the membrane connecting the ventral and dorsal seg- ments, and the ligula separate from the mcntnm, these insects, or at least a portion of them, exhibit characters not found in the other families. In many of them the upper surface of the head is much dilated on the front and sides (l)ut never reflcxed, as in most Mclolon- thida;); the clypeal suture is distinct, and ascends towards the vertex, forming an angle; the mandibles are usually thin jjlates, frequently membranous, small, and invisible, except on dissection ; sometimes, however (Gcotrupes, &c.), they are well developed. In some of the genera the antenna; are 11-jointcd. The club of the antennic consists of l)ut three joints, oxcej)t in Pleocoma, and in some the first joint of the club is hollowed out so as to receive the second or even the last joint. The tarsi are armed with siniph; claws in all of our genera, except Phanteus, where the claws arc wanting; in some genera of Coprini the anterior tarsi arc want- ing. The usual bisetosc onychium is wanting in Acanthocerini, Trogini, Aphodiini, and some Coprini. The arrangement of this sub-family is adopted nearly as in Laeordaire's work, with the exception of the removal of the trilxi (jrlaphyrini to the next sub-family, and the establishment of two new tribes. The species all live on decomposing animal matter, and raoit of them in excrements. The tribes are as follows:â Abclomen with six visible ventral segments; Antennic 9- or lO-joiuted (club always 3-jointed); Posterior til)i;e with a single spur. Posterior til)i;E witli two s])urs ; Side pieces of nietathorax simple ; Antenna; O-jdinted. Antenn;e 10-jointed. Epimera of raetathorax visible. Antennas 11-jointed ; Club 3-jointed, mandibles and labrnm p
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