. Engineering and Contracting . rivets more widelyin the outer rows than in the Inner. This undoubtedly leadsto a stronger joint at the point of rupture, but it also impliesa more unequal distribution of stress in the plating of thejoint in the vicinity of these rows of rivets. In determiningthe disposition of the rivets in a butt or lapped joint it shouldbe remembered that wide differences in states of stress areencountered at different points, that the rivets do not shareequally the burden of transmitting the load, and that the effi-ciency of the joint when performing the most important part
. Engineering and Contracting . rivets more widelyin the outer rows than in the Inner. This undoubtedly leadsto a stronger joint at the point of rupture, but it also impliesa more unequal distribution of stress in the plating of thejoint in the vicinity of these rows of rivets. In determiningthe disposition of the rivets in a butt or lapped joint it shouldbe remembered that wide differences in states of stress areencountered at different points, that the rivets do not shareequally the burden of transmitting the load, and that the effi-ciency of the joint when performing the most important partof its work—that is, up to the slip point—appears to dependupon the number of rivets associated with a uniform spacing. Earth Boring Machine for PipeLines From The Engineer. London. April 9, the following article we describe a machine inventedby Capt. A. R. Mangoll and made by the Hydraulic Engineer-ing Co. of Chester, England, which will pierce a hole 4 diameter and ft. long horizontally through a heavy. Machine Set Up and Extension Tube Being Inserted. clay in halt an hour. The machine is intended for cable lay-ing, pipe laying, drainage and similar work. It operates onthe principle of thrusting a stick into clay, and there is,therefore, no spoil. The whole apparatus is portable. The machine consists of an hydraulic cylinder of steeltube, carried on trunnions in a light steel frame. The trun-nions are near the closed or rearward end, and on them thebarrel can be turned from a horizontal to an upright posi-tion. Inside the cylinder is a short piston with hinged guid-ing fingers. The barrel is capable of slight adjustment fromthe true horizontal by suitable training and elevating gearof a simple order. This gun complete on its frameworkis dropped into a pit dug in the ground to the depth required,a plate at the back of the framework or carriage pressingagainst a few timbers to distribute the load. The cylinderis connected by flexible pressure pipes to a l
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