. Economic competition between the black and white races in the United States. waiters, janitors and other day laborersnov; do two or three times the amount of wcrk done by those inthe sam,e occupations fifty years ago. And out of three miil^ io:unskilled Kegro workers who were freed in 1863, and the few-thousand unskilled and semii-skilled who already had their free-dom there have developed the various occupations of Ilegroesthat prevail today. The most notable development is in theemiergence of l^egro professional men and women, a group of sixtythousand or miore persons who follow vocations
. Economic competition between the black and white races in the United States. waiters, janitors and other day laborersnov; do two or three times the amount of wcrk done by those inthe sam,e occupations fifty years ago. And out of three miil^ io:unskilled Kegro workers who were freed in 1863, and the few-thousand unskilled and semii-skilled who already had their free-dom there have developed the various occupations of Ilegroesthat prevail today. The most notable development is in theemiergence of l^egro professional men and women, a group of sixtythousand or miore persons who follow vocations almost entirelyunknown to the l^egro race fifty years ago. Next to that comesthe dev^ of iJegroes in business and skilled are the economic, moral and intellectual leaders of therace. In all classes of unskilled occupations the Llegroesconstitute a greater proportion than their precentage of 1. Kelsey, Carl, Annals of the Amicrican Academy of Politi-cal and Social Science, v. <cl, p. 72. 2. Washington, DuBois and Others, the Wegro , p. 35. 44 the jOiUlat ion. In fifteen unskilled occupations there arr- two million seven hundred fifty-six thousand four hundrea forty. two Cegroes, or .early seventy per cent of all ijegroes engaged in gainful occupations. The number of unskilled workers in the race must he at least seventy-five cent of those engaged in gainful occupations or ahout three million.^ Kelly Miller says that the facts indicate that the race has not more than one fourth of its quota in the professional pursuits. Unfortunately, when the Kegro demands the same wages as the white man, his industrial inferiority leads the employer to take the white in his place, v/hich shows again how funda-are mental^manual skill and technical intelligence as a basis forother progress. Nevertheless, there are a large ofIJegro mechanics in the United States, especially in the are progressive and efficient workmen, hut more are care-l
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