A cycle of Cathay, or, China, south and north . ^LTAR OF HEAVEN. (SEE PAGE 242.) CHAPTER VIII MANDARINS AND GOVERNMENT—THE TSUNGLI YAMEN Mandarins not a caste—Their grades, their training, their virtues anddefects — Independence of the people—Limitations of monarchy—Formation and character of the Yamen—Strange recruits IN forty years intercourse with Chinese officialdom I becameacquainted with mandarins of all grades, civil and mihtary,from policemen to princes. The average foreigner takes a man-darin to be a sort of Brahman of a superior caste, exalted andpeculiar. But in Chinese society ther
A cycle of Cathay, or, China, south and north . ^LTAR OF HEAVEN. (SEE PAGE 242.) CHAPTER VIII MANDARINS AND GOVERNMENT—THE TSUNGLI YAMEN Mandarins not a caste—Their grades, their training, their virtues anddefects — Independence of the people—Limitations of monarchy—Formation and character of the Yamen—Strange recruits IN forty years intercourse with Chinese officialdom I becameacquainted with mandarins of all grades, civil and mihtary,from policemen to princes. The average foreigner takes a man-darin to be a sort of Brahman of a superior caste, exalted andpeculiar. But in Chinese society there is no unalterable strati-fication, nor is there outside of the Tartars any class possessedof hereditary privileges ; for the orders of nobility recently con-ferred on a few of those who supported the government in itsstruggle with rebellion, and two or three who previously en-joyed such distinction as representatives of ancient sages, arenot sufficient to constitute a class. Ministers and generals are not born in office, is a say
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