. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. 182 Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology, Vol. 150, No. 3. Figure 61. Lateral view of the main jaw musculature in: A and B, a representative channiform (Channa striatus); C and D, a primitive synbranchiform (Macrotrema caligans). A and C show the superficial musculature; B and D depict the deep jaw musculature. Abbreviations: AM,, part A1 of the adductor mandibulae complex; AM.^, part A2 of the adductor mandibulae complex; AM3, part A3 of the adductor mandibulae complex; BSR, branchiostegal ray; DO, dilator operculi
. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. 182 Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology, Vol. 150, No. 3. Figure 61. Lateral view of the main jaw musculature in: A and B, a representative channiform (Channa striatus); C and D, a primitive synbranchiform (Macrotrema caligans). A and C show the superficial musculature; B and D depict the deep jaw musculature. Abbreviations: AM,, part A1 of the adductor mandibulae complex; AM.^, part A2 of the adductor mandibulae complex; AM3, part A3 of the adductor mandibulae complex; BSR, branchiostegal ray; DO, dilator operculi; EP, epaxial muscle; lOP, interoperculum; LAP, levator arcus palatini; LIM, interoperculomandibular ligament; LO, levator operculi; MX, maxilla; OP, operculum; POP, preoperculum; Q, quadrate; SOP, suboperculum; TA, tendon of part A, of the adductor mandibulae complex. in both groups is enlarged and has under- gone complex elaborations. The synbranchiforms differ from the channiforms in several important ways: Synbranchiforms have a greatly reduced levator arcus palatini muscle, which is hypertrophied in channiforms (Fig. 61). Synbranchiforms have an ossified inter- arcual cartilage while channiforms lack such an ossification, but have an expand- ed first epibranchial bone (Fig. 59). The heart of channiforms is located near the gill arches and shows a generalized struc- tural configuration, while in synbranchi- forms the heart is located far posteriorly (Liem, 1961), and its structural configu- ration deviates significantly from that of other teleosts. Finally, channiforms have a large swimbladder with a distinct cau- dal extension, while a swimbladder is lacking in synbranchiforms. The channiforms are traditionally aligned with the anabantoids rather than with the synbranchiforms. Based on the above-mentioned synapomorphies, we hypothesize that channiforms may rep- resent the plesiomorphic sister group of the synbranchiforms. With the available evidence we have not been able t
Size: 2038px × 1226px
Photo credit: © Book Worm / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookauthorharvarduniversity, bookcentury1900, booksubjectzoology
