. The science-history of the universe . in their middle points, andclarinets), the quality of tone is hollow, and, when a largenumber of such upper partials are present, nasal. Whenthe prime tone predominates the quality of tone is rich,but when the prime tone is not sufficiently superior instrength to the upper partials the quality of tone is designed a series of glass globes, resonators,which he had made of such size as to correspond with thevibration numbers of the upper partials of a given funda-mental tone. When the fundamental tone was sounded^he held each one of these res
. The science-history of the universe . in their middle points, andclarinets), the quality of tone is hollow, and, when a largenumber of such upper partials are present, nasal. Whenthe prime tone predominates the quality of tone is rich,but when the prime tone is not sufficiently superior instrength to the upper partials the quality of tone is designed a series of glass globes, resonators,which he had made of such size as to correspond with thevibration numbers of the upper partials of a given funda-mental tone. When the fundamental tone was sounded^he held each one of these resonators to his ear, and if thatparticular overtone were present it would at once be rein-forced and exposed by the resonator. Thus he proved,beyond question the fact that it is the overtones of any 126 PHYSICS given note which lend to it its peculiar character, tone-color or timbre. Rudolf Konig, the eminent instrument maker of Paris,constructed a series of resonators which were an im-provement upon the design of Helmholtz. He made his. Manometric Mirror. resonators cylindrical in form, having over one end aclose-fitting cap, by means of which the cylinder could bedrawn out and tuned to a nicety. Then he conceived thebrilliant idea of arranging these resonators on a frameconnected with a manometric mirror, whereby the presenceof each and every overtone could be instantly detected bythe dentations of the flame. But Helmholtz was not content with the analysis oftones according to their quality. He verified his resultsby the synthesis of the same tones from their constituents. SOUND 127 By means of a series of electro-magnets he succeeded inmaking all possible combinations of overtones and produc-ing notes of every quality. Professor Ganots Elements de Physique thus sum-marizes the facts which the inestimably valuable researchesof Helmholtz have contributed to the study of tone-color:
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