Physical diagnosis, including diseases of the thoracic and abdominal organs : a manual for students and physicians .. . Relation of lungs, pleura, heart and liver to bony thorax. end of expiration. Most of the complemental space isoccupied by the lung in extreme inspiration. The mediastinum is that part of the thoracic cavitywhich lies between the two pleural sacs. It contains allof the intrathoracic structures except the lungs andpleura. (Fig. 7.) TOPOGRAPHICAL AND RELATIONAL ANATOMY. 31 THE PERICARDIUM. The pericardial sac, attached by its broad base to thediaphragm, is invaginated by the he
Physical diagnosis, including diseases of the thoracic and abdominal organs : a manual for students and physicians .. . Relation of lungs, pleura, heart and liver to bony thorax. end of expiration. Most of the complemental space isoccupied by the lung in extreme inspiration. The mediastinum is that part of the thoracic cavitywhich lies between the two pleural sacs. It contains allof the intrathoracic structures except the lungs andpleura. (Fig. 7.) TOPOGRAPHICAL AND RELATIONAL ANATOMY. 31 THE PERICARDIUM. The pericardial sac, attached by its broad base to thediaphragm, is invaginated by the heart, and its apex,which is directed upwards, extends by diverticula-upon the great vessels about two inches from their Fig. Relation of lungs, pleura, spleen and kidneys to bony thorax. origin. Its most important relations to the lung andpleura, with which it is in contact through most of itsextent, have been mentioned. Its relation to the anteriorthoracic wall is practically the same as that of the heart,with some additional extension upwards, where it isreflected upon the great blood-vessels. The serous surfaces of the pericardium and of thepleura are bathed in sufficient fluid to render theirmotions normally noiseless and free from friction. 32 ANATOMICAL. THE HEART. Besides a knowledge of the shape, arrangement andstructure of the several cavities and valves of the heart,as well as the general position of the organ, the followingpoints are of special significance in diagnosis: Fig. nterior Left
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