. The practice of silviculture : with particular reference to its application in the United States . Forests and forestry. CLEANINGS 145 tial. If cleanings are made at all in such stands, the object is to remove trees of poorer form than those that are being overtopped. (See Figs. 51 and 52.). Fig. si. A stand of white pine and mixed hardwoods in need of a cleaning. The hardwoods and the large pine, which is too limby to make good timber, should be cut. See Fig. 52. Fig. S2. Same stand as in Fig. 51, but immediately after the cleaning has been made. This cleaning was made early enough in life
. The practice of silviculture : with particular reference to its application in the United States . Forests and forestry. CLEANINGS 145 tial. If cleanings are made at all in such stands, the object is to remove trees of poorer form than those that are being overtopped. (See Figs. 51 and 52.). Fig. si. A stand of white pine and mixed hardwoods in need of a cleaning. The hardwoods and the large pine, which is too limby to make good timber, should be cut. See Fig. 52. Fig. S2. Same stand as in Fig. 51, but immediately after the cleaning has been made. This cleaning was made early enough in life so that the pine had not yet been deformed by the overtopping hardwoods. The operation results in transform- ing the stand from one dominated by inferior hardwoods to pure pine. Cleanings are the first cuttings made in a new stand after its establishment and should take place as soon as the indi- viduals which it is desired to help are threatened with injury. This rarely happens before the third or later than the tenth year. For a few years the shade afforded by undesirable species may be of benefit to the small seedlings of the more valuable species as a protective cover. The situation soon changes and instead of being a benefit the overtopping growth usurps the growing space, hinders the growth and, if allowed to remain, may cause the death of the better trees. (See Fig. 53.) Sometimes one cleaning is sufl&cient to regulate the mixture. More often two or three cuttings made at in- tervals of three to five years will be required to accomplish the purpose. This is especially the case when the trees re-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Hawley, Ralph C. (Ralph Chipman), 1880-. New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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