. Elements of acoustical engineering. Electro-acoustics; Sound. 222 MICROPHONES all directions being equally probable, is termed the directional efficiency of a directional microphone. In many of the systems described above, determining the directional efficiency becomes a rather cumbersome job. However, the directional efficiencies of the cosine functions are easily determined. A few of these FUNCTION DIRECTIONAL ErnCIENCY 1 + COS e 2 3 cose 6 cos'e 10 cos^e 14 cos'6 la cos'e 26. DISTANCE GAIN ZA â Fig. The directional efficiency of microphones having directional characteris
. Elements of acoustical engineering. Electro-acoustics; Sound. 222 MICROPHONES all directions being equally probable, is termed the directional efficiency of a directional microphone. In many of the systems described above, determining the directional efficiency becomes a rather cumbersome job. However, the directional efficiencies of the cosine functions are easily determined. A few of these FUNCTION DIRECTIONAL ErnCIENCY 1 + COS e 2 3 cose 6 cos'e 10 cos^e 14 cos'6 la cos'e 26. DISTANCE GAIN ZA â Fig. The directional efficiency of microphones having directional characteristics which are various cosine functions. The ratio of energy response of a nondirectional microphone to the energy response of a directional microphone for sounds originating in random direc- tions is termed directional efficiency. The ratio of the distance at which a directional mi- crophone may be operated as compared to a nondirectional microphone is also shown. functions are plotted in Fig. The directional efficiency as outlined above is also given. For the same ratio of signal to noise, reverberation, etc., the directional microphone may be operated at V directional efficiency times distance of a nondirectional microphone. By means of the charac- teristics shown in Fig. , the efficiency of other characteristics may be obtained by comparing characteristics which have approximately the same shape and spread. Wind Excitation and Screening of Microphones. â There are three possible sources of excitation which a microphone is subject to when placed in a wind. There may be pressvire fluctuations due to velocity fluctuations present in the wind even though the microphone is absent. There may be pressure fluctuations due to turbulence produced by the mi- crophone in a wind otherwise free from pressure fluctuations, that is, in a wind of uniform velocity. There may be radiation from the first two sources. The effect of the first source may be reduced by screening w
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