A practical treatise on fractures and dislocations . a num-ber of dissections, is to allow the headof the humerus to be drawn upwardand forward in its socket, until it isarrested by the two processes, and bythe coraco-acromial ligament. SaysMr. Soden : To enable the bone tomaintain its equilibrium, it is neces-sary that the capsular muscles shouldexactly counterbalance each other;and as there is no muscle from the ribs to the humerus to antagonizethe upper capsular muscles (that is, to draw the head of the humerusdownward), it is suggested that this office is performed by the singularcourse of
A practical treatise on fractures and dislocations . a num-ber of dissections, is to allow the headof the humerus to be drawn upwardand forward in its socket, until it isarrested by the two processes, and bythe coraco-acromial ligament. SaysMr. Soden : To enable the bone tomaintain its equilibrium, it is neces-sary that the capsular muscles shouldexactly counterbalance each other;and as there is no muscle from the ribs to the humerus to antagonizethe upper capsular muscles (that is, to draw the head of the humerusdownward), it is suggested that this office is performed by the singularcourse of the long tendon of the biceps, which, by passing over the headof the bone, when the muscle is put in action, tends to throw the headdownward and backward: it follows, therefore, that, the tendon beingremoved, the head of the bone would rise upward and forward. The head of the humerus sometimes remains for a long; time after thereduction has been effected slightly advanced in its socket, so as to leadto a suspicion that it is not properly Sodens case of displacement of the longhead of the 1 E. Owen, The Lancet, 1875, vol. i. p. 759. a Amer. Journ. Med. Sci., vol. xvi. p. 219, May, 1835, from London Med. Ibid., vol. xxix. p. 489, from Lond. Med. Gaz., July, 1841. 4 Pirries System of Surgery, Amer. ed., p. 255 ; also Sir Astley Cooper, edited by BransbyCooper, Amer. ed., p. 363. 614 DISLOCATIONS OF THE SHOULDER The same thing, also, has been noticed by me occasionally where theshoulder had been subjected to a violent wrench, but no actual disloca-tion had ever occurred. In either case the explanation is perhaps thesame—the long head of the biceps has been broken or displaced; or,when it follows a dislocation, some of the muscles inserted into the greatertuberosity have been torn from their attachments. In these circumstances we may find a sufficient and perhaps the most frequentexplanation ; yet it is quite probable that, in a considerable number of cas
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