. Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine. Veterinary medicine. LUXATION OF THE FEMUR. 57 Finally, luxation may be either complete (in which case the capsular and interosseous ligaments are both ruptured) or incomplete. In the former case, the head of the femur becomes displaced upwards and forwards towards the great sciatic notch, more rarely backwards in the direction of the ischium, and in exceptional cases downwards and inwards below the pubis into the foramen ovale. Symptoms. The symptoms vary, depending on whether the luxation is of the spontaneous, progressive order or, on the contra
. Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine. Veterinary medicine. LUXATION OF THE FEMUR. 57 Finally, luxation may be either complete (in which case the capsular and interosseous ligaments are both ruptured) or incomplete. In the former case, the head of the femur becomes displaced upwards and forwards towards the great sciatic notch, more rarely backwards in the direction of the ischium, and in exceptional cases downwards and inwards below the pubis into the foramen ovale. Symptoms. The symptoms vary, depending on whether the luxation is of the spontaneous, progressive order or, on the contrary, is accidental. In progressive luxation, the animals are able to rise and walk with difficulty. The affected limb swings when the animal is advancing, not as though it were paralysed, but simply as though displaced at its upper. Fig. 21.—Accidental luxation of the hip joint. part. Pain is exhibited when weight is placed on the limb, and there is difficulty in movement. The limb appears shorter than its neighbour when the animal stands on it, and the prominence representing the trochanter is more marked. When a false joint has formed, the limb is rigid, is moved stiffly and abducted, and the stride is shortened. In accidental luxations, either of one or both limbs, the attitude assumed by the animal is often characteristic. One of the limbs is ex- tended at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body, and some- times both limbs assume this position, an attitude which would be absolutely impossible under normal conditions. The animal cannot rise. It lifts the front part of the body by rising on its knees, but the hind quarters do not follow. The ruptured adductor muscles are unable to bring and hold the limb parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body; the abductors act unopposed, and at the moment when the animal makes. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearan
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