. [Fruit culture]. Sometimes two or more trunks are allowed to come from thesame root; this is very undesirable, as it increases the cost ofpnining and has no compensating advantage. When from5 to 8 years old, a vine does not need the support of a stake,consequently this may be removed. 55. The long-pruning systena is used for strong-grOw-ing varieties such as Thompsons Seedless and the Sultana. 44 GRAPE CULTURE 14 Thompsons Seedless variety does best when trellised as shownin Fig. 18. This is a modification of what is known as theGuyot system of pruning, and is not only theoretically cor-rect
. [Fruit culture]. Sometimes two or more trunks are allowed to come from thesame root; this is very undesirable, as it increases the cost ofpnining and has no compensating advantage. When from5 to 8 years old, a vine does not need the support of a stake,consequently this may be removed. 55. The long-pruning systena is used for strong-grOw-ing varieties such as Thompsons Seedless and the Sultana. 44 GRAPE CULTURE 14 Thompsons Seedless variety does best when trellised as shownin Fig. 18. This is a modification of what is known as theGuyot system of pruning, and is not only theoretically cor-rect, but is easy to explain to pruners. The horizontal posi-tion of the canes has a tendency to promote the starting ofnumerous shoots and the consequent production of a largenumber of fruit clusters. At the same time the buds on thewood spurs are forced to start, and not being shaded they tendto grow vigorously. It is best to tie the shoots from the woodspurs in a vertical position to the stake, and they should not. be topped. These shoots are retained for fruit canes at thewinter pruning, and new wood spurs are then left for the nextyear. This trellising system is now being used extensivelyin the best vineyards of California where Thompsons Seedlessvariety is grown. A great many methods are in vogue for tieing long-prunedvines to stakes. Perhaps the commonest method is to retainfrom two to six fruit canes each year and an equal nimiber ofrenewal spurs of two buds each, the canes being tied to a stake,as shown in Fig. 19. The fruit is borne on shoots that arisefrom these canes. A vine should not be drawn up close to the su GRAPE CULTURE 45 stake in the middle, but should be allowed to bulge out, as thiswill cause the buds to push out better and render them morefruitful. The stakes are retained permanently. Owing tothe fact that various modifications of this method are practicedin different localities and in the case of differ-ent varieties, it is advisable for a grower toconsult
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