. Brimleyana. Zoology; Ecology; Natural history. Wood Frog Life History 45 60 50 40 30 - 20 10 S36 ? • 1 18 27 7 15 22 29 MAR MAR MAR APR APR APR APR date Fig. 3. Larval development of Rana sylvatica and Rana sphenocephala in Pas- ture Pond, Tallapoosa County, Alabama. Numerals preceded by the letter S indicate the developmental stage in tadpoles at the time of collection. however, indicating that all larvae were transformed at this time. This would give a maximum transformation period of 73 days in the field. Most individuals had probably transformed by 29 April (
. Brimleyana. Zoology; Ecology; Natural history. Wood Frog Life History 45 60 50 40 30 - 20 10 S36 ? • 1 18 27 7 15 22 29 MAR MAR MAR APR APR APR APR date Fig. 3. Larval development of Rana sylvatica and Rana sphenocephala in Pas- ture Pond, Tallapoosa County, Alabama. Numerals preceded by the letter S indicate the developmental stage in tadpoles at the time of collection. however, indicating that all larvae were transformed at this time. This would give a maximum transformation period of 73 days in the field. Most individuals had probably transformed by 29 April (or somewhat earlier); only four tadpoles were collected in the pond at that time. This would indicate a transformation time of about 66 days. Various vertebrates and invertebrates preyed on wood frog larvae, though not all predators were present at each breeding pond. All inver- tebrate predators were insects. Adult back swimmers (Notonectidae) and predaceous diving beetles (Dytiscidae) were often seen preying on small tadpoles. Nymphal notonectids and larval dytiscids also probably preyed on wood frog larvae, as observed by Dickerson (1906). Herreid and Kinney (1966) noted extensive predation on wood frog larvae by Dytiscus spp. in Alaska. Formanowicz and Brodie (1982) found no sur- vival of stage 42 and younger wood frog tadpoles when subjected to predation by larval Dytiscus verticalis in the laboratory. Increased sur- vivorship in older tadpoles and froglets (stage 42 to 46) was attributed to unpalatability, a result of the development of active granular glands during later stages of metamorphosis. Other potential insect predators. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original North Carolina State Museum of Natural History. [Raleigh, NC : North Carolina State Museum of Natural History]
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, booksubjectnaturalhistory, booksubjectzoology
