Gall-stones and diseases of the bile-ducts . se bacilli and of theBacillus coli have been isolated from the nuclei ofgall-stones. The relation between micro-organismsand gall-stones has been experimentally established.(Gilbert, Fournier, Grirode, Mignot, Hanot, andothers.) Experimental experience has also taught thatgall-stones do not follow virulent infection of thegall-bladder, but the most successful results areobtained after the injection of attenuated culturesinto the gall-bladder. The favouring conditions for the formation ofgall-stones are catarrh of the epithelial lining of the GALL-ST
Gall-stones and diseases of the bile-ducts . se bacilli and of theBacillus coli have been isolated from the nuclei ofgall-stones. The relation between micro-organismsand gall-stones has been experimentally established.(Gilbert, Fournier, Grirode, Mignot, Hanot, andothers.) Experimental experience has also taught thatgall-stones do not follow virulent infection of thegall-bladder, but the most successful results areobtained after the injection of attenuated culturesinto the gall-bladder. The favouring conditions for the formation ofgall-stones are catarrh of the epithelial lining of the GALL-STONES 51 gall-bladder and the bile-ducts and the presence ofmicro-organisms, especially the Bacillus typhosus. The successful experimental production of a biliarycalculus represented in Fig. 14, was obtained byMignot in the following way : A small compress impregnated with a pure cultureof Bacterium coli was introduced into the gall-bladderof a dog, December, 1897. The microbe was obtainedfrom a calculous cholecystitis in man and Fig. 14.—Gall-bladder of a dog opened longitudinally showingtwo gall-stones formed around a thread experimentally in-troduced (Mignot). Six weeks later the dog was again operated uponand the compress removed from the gall-bladder; atthe same time a fixed thread 2 cm. long was intro-duced into the gall-bladder wall and the free endallowed to float freely in its cavity. In June, 1898,cholecystectomy was performed on the living dogand two cholesterin calculi were found on the threadin the gall-bladder. 52 DISEASES OF THE BILE-DUCTS Mignot found that as long as the bacteria retaintheir virulence they do not form calculi, but only asediment mixed with pus. The attenuation of the microbe is best obtainedby growing the bacteria for some months in bile towhich constantly decreasing amounts of broth areadded. When sufficiently attenuated they are no
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