. European history : an outline of its development. ened the way foranother German tribe. The Lombards had followed theOstrogoths across the Danube, and now they followed theminto Italy. Justinian had been dead but three years whenthey descended into the valley of the Po and took posses-sion of that part of Italy almost as easily as if it were avacant land, only a very few of the cities making any resist-ance. Of the rest of the country, however, their conquestwas very slow and never complete. The Lombards were very rude and uncivilized, in abackward stage of political development, and not yet
. European history : an outline of its development. ened the way foranother German tribe. The Lombards had followed theOstrogoths across the Danube, and now they followed theminto Italy. Justinian had been dead but three years whenthey descended into the valley of the Po and took posses-sion of that part of Italy almost as easily as if it were avacant land, only a very few of the cities making any resist-ance. Of the rest of the country, however, their conquestwas very slow and never complete. The Lombards were very rude and uncivilized, in abackward stage of political development, and not yetthoroughly accustomed to a national government. Forsome years after the conquest they lived without a king,ruled in little states by dukes, while others were trying tomake new states for themselves in the unconquered partsof the country. These later conquests were made withoutmuch order or system, wherever it pleased the leader of theband to settle. Thus it happened that the eastern Romansretained many fragments of territory scattered about in the. 148 TJie Founding of the German States [§§ i4o» 141 The EasternEmpire re-tained partsof Italy. The attackbegan beforethe Romanswithdrew. Church, TheCount of theSaxon Shore(novel). The first settlement, 449. The develop-ment ofgovernment. peninsula, and separated from one another by the Lombardlands. This fact had very important consequences in later Italy remained a part of the Eastern Empire foralmost five hundred years. Rome and Naples, Genoa,Venice, and Ravenna escaped the Lombard occupation, andthough the exarch of Ravenna was in form the representa-tive of the emperor, he could exercise no very effectivecontrol over the cities which were separated from his byLombard territory. This meant local independence, and inthe case of Rome it meant the beginning from which grewthe popes temporal sovereignty. 140. The Saxons in Britain. — One German settlementremains to be described, and one in which we are especially
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