. Proceedings of the annual convention . ars can be readily discharged into vessels and arrangement makes it necessary to build the piers at a considerableheight above the water. The height of the vessels to be loaded variesgreatly. The coal is dumped directly from the car into a coal pocket, fromwhich the coal is led through a chute to the vessel. The chutes are so ar-ranged that they can be lowered, raised or extended, and in this waycan be made to reach the proper part of the vessel. Where hard coalis handled, it is necessary to furnish the chutes with screens for eliminat-ing d
. Proceedings of the annual convention . ars can be readily discharged into vessels and arrangement makes it necessary to build the piers at a considerableheight above the water. The height of the vessels to be loaded variesgreatly. The coal is dumped directly from the car into a coal pocket, fromwhich the coal is led through a chute to the vessel. The chutes are so ar-ranged that they can be lowered, raised or extended, and in this waycan be made to reach the proper part of the vessel. Where hard coalis handled, it is necessary to furnish the chutes with screens for eliminat-ing dust from the coal. A coal pier is usually made up of three outside tracks are occupied by the loaded cars. As these are unloaded,they are moved ahead and drop back to the middle track, which shouldbe built on a grade falling toward the general yard, so that when theempty cars once get on to this track, they will feed naturally into theyard. The grade of the tracks on which the loads stand should be such 568 PROCEEDINGS OF THE. FOURTH ANNUAL CONVENTION. 309 that they will feed toward the outer end of the pier, to enable themto be easily shifted to the middle track. This arrangement of gradesenables cars to be handled quickly, gives a greater capacity, and reducesthe cost of handling. Coal piers which are exceptionally long shouldhave live tracks, connected with suitable crossovers, so that cars can bemoved around those which are unloading at any particular berth. There should be a coal pocket provided for each car, and any numberof them can be provided. They should be spaced the proper distance apart,and the more pockets there are on a side the greater will be the capacity ofthe pier and the less time will be lost in shifting. It is usually not goodpractice to have over ten pockets on a side. The pockets should belocated a little farther apart than the length of a car, so as to allow forunequal lengths. The grade leading from the general yard or cluster tothe coal pie
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