. Principles and practice of plumbing . h water. As the waterrises in the tank, it will rise likewise in theverticalpipe a until it reaches the bend atthe top, when it will overflow into the pipe band seal the bend at the bottom. Watercontinuing to flow into the tank rises thelevel, thereby increasing the head or press-ure, and the overflow of water will rise inpipe c, compressing the air in pipe b as itdoes so. From c the water will overflowinto pipe d, sealing the bend at the bottom,and rise in the pipe e a certain distance,when it refuses to rise any higher or over-flow, even though the out
. Principles and practice of plumbing . h water. As the waterrises in the tank, it will rise likewise in theverticalpipe a until it reaches the bend atthe top, when it will overflow into the pipe band seal the bend at the bottom. Watercontinuing to flow into the tank rises thelevel, thereby increasing the head or press-ure, and the overflow of water will rise inpipe c, compressing the air in pipe b as itdoes so. From c the water will overflowinto pipe d, sealing the bend at the bottom,and rise in the pipe e a certain distance,when it refuses to rise any higher or over-flow, even though the outlet of the pipe e isbelow the level of the hydraulic gradient to which, accordingto the law of water seeking its own level, it ought seeminglyto rise. The explanation is, the confined air in the pipesis so locked that instead of the several columns of water inthe different pipes balancing one another, they are all press-ing through the intermediary of the air, on the top of thewater in pipe a. That being so,_it is as though the several. Pig. S2Air Chamber Digitized by Microsoft® 166 Principles and Practice of Plumbing columns of water were piled on top of one another. Owingto the compressibility of air, the water would rise to a cer-tain height in all the legs; but, the differences betweenlevels are the heads to be considered. For instance, thereis a depth of three feet of water in the tank. In the pipe a,on the other hand, there is a head of 18 inches to offset halfthe depth of water in the tank. The difference between thelevels of the water in legs b and c is 14 inches, and betweend and e 4 inches; and then 14 + 4 inches = 18 inches on topof the 18 inches of the column of water in a would give ahead of water equal to that in the tank, and one columnwould balance the other so no head would be left to causea flow. The water in the pipe is then air-bound. Trouble is never caused from air locks in high pressurework, but in domestic installation where the head of water Hydrostati
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