The history and progress of the world . e,and Germany to become acquainted with men of lettersand science. The result of his studies appeared in hisbrilliant and valuable work, Main Currents of NineteenthCentury Literature (1872-76). It showed the gradualemancipation of thought through the first half of thisCentury. His former publications had provoked contro-versies, but a still greater one arose in 1876 and his oppon-ents prevented his being appointed professor in the Uni-versity of Copenhagen. Offended at this treatment heleft the city and went to Germany. But he had alreadywon a European r
The history and progress of the world . e,and Germany to become acquainted with men of lettersand science. The result of his studies appeared in hisbrilliant and valuable work, Main Currents of NineteenthCentury Literature (1872-76). It showed the gradualemancipation of thought through the first half of thisCentury. His former publications had provoked contro-versies, but a still greater one arose in 1876 and his oppon-ents prevented his being appointed professor in the Uni-versity of Copenhagen. Offended at this treatment heleft the city and went to Germany. But he had alreadywon a European reputation by French Esthetics in OurDay (1870),Esthetic Studies and Critiques and Por-traits. For some years he resided in Berlin, but he re-turned to Copenhagen in 1883. Many biographical works 348 LITEIL\TURE XIX CENTURY have been prepared by him, among them being Hves ofTegner and Lord Beaconsfield. Among his critical worksare Modern Men of Genius (1881), Bjornson andIbsen (1882). He is industrious, learned, energetic,and NORWEGIAN LITERATURE Norway had been united to Denmark for four Cen-turies until Napoleons wars changed the map of that critical period Denmark came into conflict witliEngland in defense of her merchant marine, and in alarmfor her own safety, attached herself to victorious the battle of Waterloo the allied powers punishedher for this, by forcing her to resign Norway to Norwegians attempted to defend their own independ-ence under a Danish hereditary Prince, but the Swedisharmy advanced on Christiania, and the brave people wereobliged to yield. Norway continued under Swedish ruleuntil 1905, but had her own Constitution and Parliamentand has now her own king. Before 1814 Norway sharedthe intellectual life of Denmark. For many years afterthat writers aimed to celebrate the virtues of the free andindependent peasant, and to glorify the rocks and water-falls of their native land. Two distinct parties wereformed, the c
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