. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. ABNORMAL CONDITIONS OF THE SHOULDER JOINT. 586 The capsular ligament is occasionally in- creased in thickness, and its fibres are hyper- trophied ; and it is generally more capacious than natural, showing that effusion of synovia to a considerable amount had existed, although the external signs of this phenomenon are not usually evident. When the interior of the synovial sac is examined, it will be found to present evidences of having been the seat of chronic inflammation. Bunches of long or- ganised fringes hang into th
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. ABNORMAL CONDITIONS OF THE SHOULDER JOINT. 586 The capsular ligament is occasionally in- creased in thickness, and its fibres are hyper- trophied ; and it is generally more capacious than natural, showing that effusion of synovia to a considerable amount had existed, although the external signs of this phenomenon are not usually evident. When the interior of the synovial sac is examined, it will be found to present evidences of having been the seat of chronic inflammation. Bunches of long or- ganised fringes hang into the interior of the synovial sac; and many of these vascular fimbriae, which in the recent state are of an extremely red colour, surround the corona of the head of the humcrus. We also notice rounded cartilaginous productions, appended by means of membranous threads attached to the interior of the various structures which compose the joint. Some of these foreign bodies are small, others large. Some are round; but their shapes are various. Besides these rounded cartilaginous bodies, we occa- sionally find osseous productions of a mul- tangular form added to the edges of the gle- noid cavity, deepening it, and increasing the articular surface for the reception of the head of the humerus, which usually is in such cases much enlarged. The intra-articular part of the long tendon of the biceps is very seldom to be seen in the interior of the joint ; but immediately out- side of the capsular ligament the latter tendon will generally be found to have contracted a firm adhesion to the superior extremity of the bicipital groove (fig. 428. «.). Bones.—The head of the humerus assumes a very characteristic appearance as a con- sequence of this peculiar disease, and acquires a form which cannot be easily mistaken for the effects of any other disease or accident. The usual angle at which the head and neck of the humerus join the shaft of the bone is often altogether effaced ; so that instea
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