The new international encyclopaedia . reduction of its diameter. The eflcct ofpowder pressure in the bore is to strain theinner portion by tension. If now this inniTshell be already under tensile strain, it is pre-disposed to rupture. General Rodman, OnlnanceDepartment, United States Army, announceil thiscondition, and proposed to avoid it by casting^guns hollow and cooling them by water fromthe interior of the bore, while the exterior waskept hot by fire: the bore-surface then solidify-ing first would be compressed by the contraetionof the outer layers, which would consequentlybe under tensil
The new international encyclopaedia . reduction of its diameter. The eflcct ofpowder pressure in the bore is to strain theinner portion by tension. If now this inniTshell be already under tensile strain, it is pre-disposed to rupture. General Rodman, OnlnanceDepartment, United States Army, announceil thiscondition, and proposed to avoid it by casting^guns hollow and cooling them by water fromthe interior of the bore, while the exterior waskept hot by fire: the bore-surface then solidify-ing first would be compressed by the contraetionof the outer layers, which would consequentlybe under tensile strain. The gun would there-fore be stronger than a gim cast solid and cooledfrom the exterior, or even one without initialstrain. Rodmans system of construction, used t ORDNANCE. 67 in America and elsewhere for many years, gavethe best results possible -svith cast iron, and wassuperseded only when the demand for rifles andhigher power necessitated the use of strongermaterial. See Abtilleky for illustration ofRodman gun. Fig. i. XINETEENTH-CESTrKY TYPES OP CANXON. a, 15-inch Rodman cast iron, b, Parrott 300-pounderrifle, c, 10-incb cast-iron smoothbore converted to 8-inchrifle by muzzle-insertion. d. Same as c, converted by breech-insert ion. Chambers (United States) patented in 1849 agun of wrought-iron tube with strengtheninghoops. In Blakely (England) and Tread-well (United States) invented guns with hoopsshrunk on. To them is due the real originationof the built-up system. Sir W. G. Armstrong() of England made built-up guns for the ing and forced on by hydraulic pressure. The\yest Point Foundry (Parrotts) at Cold Spring,X. Y., to meet the demand for a cheap andquickly made rifle for use in the Civil War, madehollow cast-iron guns reinforced by a band ofcoiled wrought iron shrunk around the were the well-known 100-, 200-, and .300-pounder Parrott rifles, and served their purposeadmirably, but the system was not capable ofextension. Cast i
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