. bao hu sheng wu xue. botany. 22 第2ç«. æ¯å¹´é½ææ°ä»¥ä¸è®¡çæ°ç©ç§è¢«æè¿°ï¼ä½è¿æ ·çéåº¦è¿ ä¸å¤å¿«ãè¦è§£å³ç©ç§ä¿æ¤é®é¢çå ³é®æ¯è¦å¹å »æ´å¤ç åç±»å-¦å®¶ï¼ç¹å«æ¯è½å¨ç©ç§ä¸°å¯çç-带å°åºå·¥ä½çå ç±»å-¦å®¶ï¼Wilson 2003)ã çç©å¤æ ·æ§çæµåº¦ ä¿æ¤çç©å-¦å®¶å¸¸å¸¸è¦ç¡®å®ç©ç§å¤æ ·æ§é«çå°åºã çæå-¦å®¶å·²ç»å»ºç«äºå®éæµéåæ¯è¾çæ¹æ³ï¼å¨ä¸åå°º 度ä¸æµéçç©ç¾¤è½çæ´ä½å¤æ ·æ§ï¼Legendre et al. 2005; Novotny etal. 2007 )0 ä¸åå°ç尺度ä¸æè¿°ç©ç§å¤æ ·æ§ç3ç§éåææ°ï¼ 1. ocå¤æ ·æ§ï¼alpha diversity)ç©ç§å¤æ ·æ§çæç® åå®ä¹æ¯æ群è½å çç©ç§æ»æ°ï¼ç§°ä¸ºç©ç§ä¸°å¯åº¦ï¼species richness), å³ccå¤æ ·æ§(alpha diversity) (Gabriel et al. 2
. bao hu sheng wu xue. botany. 22 第2ç«. æ¯å¹´é½ææ°ä»¥ä¸è®¡çæ°ç©ç§è¢«æè¿°ï¼ä½è¿æ ·çéåº¦è¿ ä¸å¤å¿«ãè¦è§£å³ç©ç§ä¿æ¤é®é¢çå ³é®æ¯è¦å¹å »æ´å¤ç åç±»å-¦å®¶ï¼ç¹å«æ¯è½å¨ç©ç§ä¸°å¯çç-带å°åºå·¥ä½çå ç±»å-¦å®¶ï¼Wilson 2003)ã çç©å¤æ ·æ§çæµåº¦ ä¿æ¤çç©å-¦å®¶å¸¸å¸¸è¦ç¡®å®ç©ç§å¤æ ·æ§é«çå°åºã çæå-¦å®¶å·²ç»å»ºç«äºå®éæµéåæ¯è¾çæ¹æ³ï¼å¨ä¸åå°º 度ä¸æµéçç©ç¾¤è½çæ´ä½å¤æ ·æ§ï¼Legendre et al. 2005; Novotny etal. 2007 )0 ä¸åå°ç尺度ä¸æè¿°ç©ç§å¤æ ·æ§ç3ç§éåææ°ï¼ 1. ocå¤æ ·æ§ï¼alpha diversity)ç©ç§å¤æ ·æ§çæç® åå®ä¹æ¯æ群è½å çç©ç§æ»æ°ï¼ç§°ä¸ºç©ç§ä¸°å¯åº¦ï¼species richness), å³ccå¤æ ·æ§(alpha diversity) (Gabriel et al. 2006)ã 2. yå¤æ ·æ§ï¼Gamma diversity)éç¨äºæ´å¤§çå°ç 尺度ï¼æ¯æä¸ä¸ªå¤§èå´å ææçæç³»ç»ä¸-çç©ç§æ»æ°ï¼ æ¯å¦éå°èå´å çç©ç§æ»æ°ã 3. På¤æ ·æ§(Betadiversity),å°aå¤æ ·æ§åyå¤ æ ·æ§ç»åèµ·æ¥ï¼æè¿°çæ¯ä¸ä¸ªå¤§åºåå ç©ç§ç»æ沿ç¯å¢ 梯度çååç¨åº¦ãæ¯å¦ï¼ä¸ä¸ªå°åºçæ¯ä¸ªæ¹æ³å ç鱼类ç»æé½å¾ç¸ä¼¼ï¼è¿æ ·è¯¥å°åºçPå¤ æ ·æ§å°±ä¼è¾ä½ï¼ç¸åï¼å¦æ该å°åºä¸ç森æçé¸ç±»ç»æåéè¿çå¦ä¸ç森æçé¸ç±»ç»æå®å ¨ ä¸åï¼é£ä¹è¿ä¸ªå°åºçPå¤æ ·æ§å°±ä¼å¾é«ãPå¤æ ·æ§å¯ä»¥ç±Yå¤æ ·æ§é¤ä»¥aå¤æ ·æ§å¾å°ã åå©å®ä¾æ¥è¿ä¸æ-¥éæè¿3ç§å¤æ ·æ§ææ°ãå¦å¾æ示ï¼åºå1å æ¯ä¸ªå±±ä¸çå¹³å ç©ç§æ°éé½æ¯å ¶ä»ä¸¤ä¸ªåºåå
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