Consolidated rural schools and organization of a county system . rest, the taxrate for school purposes would be mills, which is not an excess-ively high rate. ROADS. While good roads cheapen transportation of pupils and insureregularity and promptness of service, they were not originally instru-mental in suggesting school consolidation. In fact, consolidation pro-ceeds quite independently of road conditions. The first school consolidation in Massachusetts in 1869 antedatedroad improvements on any extensive scale. Since then public im-provements in that State have been placed on a permanent
Consolidated rural schools and organization of a county system . rest, the taxrate for school purposes would be mills, which is not an excess-ively high rate. ROADS. While good roads cheapen transportation of pupils and insureregularity and promptness of service, they were not originally instru-mental in suggesting school consolidation. In fact, consolidation pro-ceeds quite independently of road conditions. The first school consolidation in Massachusetts in 1869 antedatedroad improvements on any extensive scale. Since then public im-provements in that State have been placed on a permanent basis andgood roads abound. Yet a part of the 17,000 pupils hauled daily toconsolidated schools, for which service that State spends annuallyover $292,000, are hauled over dirt roads. No. 232 92 In Ohio, consolidation had its inception in the northeastern partof the State. The soil in that section is, with the exception of somesandy areas, generally a heavy clay loam, inclined when wet to puddleand to become heavy, deeply rutted, and tenacious. Nearly all the. Fig. 30.—Tentative plan of consolidation district No. XIV, Douglas County, Minn., in detail. Area, 29 square miles; valuation (estimated), !f 199,984. The arrows point in the direc-tion of the routes leading to school. roads are dirt roads. In the townships of Gustavus, Kinsman,Greene, Kingsville, etc., now famous for their consolidated schools andin recent years visited by hundreds of educators and school officials,the roads are practically all dirt roads. Macadamization of roads,encouraged by state aid, is just being begun. In contradistinction to ]<io. 232 93 this is northwestern Ohio, which has excellent macadamized roads andyet consolidation has there made very little progress. In the bhie-grass region of Kentucl^v^ where farm land ranges from $50 to $250per acre and which has miles of solid, macadamized, limestoneroads, consolidation has not yet been adopted. This almost ideal com-bination of wealth, su
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