Electrolytes in biological systems, incorporating Electrolytes in biological systems, incorporating papers presented at a symposium at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, on September 8, 1954 electrolytesinbi00shan Year: 1955 ERNST G. HUF 229 ^ = (|)S Gt-<pt - (Ga+ - G-)(RT/F)ln(a2/ai) G+ + G- ,H ^ G+-G-[(,p+ - 2(RT/F)ln(a2/ai)] F(G+ + G-) The symbols have the following meanings: tp — spontaneous skin potential; (pt = EMF of the sodium pump; G^ and G'~ = conductance in skin of the ac- tively and passively transported ion; $ = net rate of salt uptake; others have
Electrolytes in biological systems, incorporating Electrolytes in biological systems, incorporating papers presented at a symposium at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, on September 8, 1954 electrolytesinbi00shan Year: 1955 ERNST G. HUF 229 ^ = (|)S Gt-<pt - (Ga+ - G-)(RT/F)ln(a2/ai) G+ + G- ,H ^ G+-G-[(,p+ - 2(RT/F)ln(a2/ai)] F(G+ + G-) The symbols have the following meanings: tp — spontaneous skin potential; (pt = EMF of the sodium pump; G^ and G'~ = conductance in skin of the ac- tively and passively transported ion; $ = net rate of salt uptake; others have the conventional thermodynamic significance. If in active salt transport G~, rather than G^, is the dominant variable, it can be shown that the correlation between skin potential and net active trans- port of XaCl must be a negative one (28, 46). Since this is the case in normal * ^-^ ' -J Fig. 15. Cross section of frog skin of the inner thigh. Rana pipiens. skin, it has been concluded that, although sodium is the leading partner in active salt transport, chloride ions determine largely the transport rate (28). A positive correlation between net salt transport and skin potential should be expected, if Ga is the dominating variable. MICROSCOPIC .AXD SUBMICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF FROG SKIN At various places in this discussion, it has become obvious that a detailed knowledge of the microscopic and submicroscopic structure of the skin is essen- tial in order to arrive at some idea as to which structural elements are possibly involved in ion and water transport in surviving frog skin. The histology of frog skin, using conventional techniques of preservation, sectioning and stain- ing, is well known, of course. Figure 15 shows the essential histological elements of skin. One sees a relatively large portion of the section occupied by cutis and subcutis in which larger and smaller glands are embedded. Certain areas of the skin carry a dark pigment. The epidermis of the skin consists
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