Essentials of United States history . Improvements in trans-portation form one of the most important chapters in thehistory of our modern civilization. The excellent road build-ing of Rome constitutes one of the great legacies bequeathedto us by that ancient civilization. But it was left to thenineteenth century to bring into successful operation rail-roads and steamboats. Not wars, but the quiet triumphs ofpeace, have brought about these great improvements ofmodern life. became President, experiments weremade with a viewto the propelling ofboats by steam. Cap-tain Samuel Moreyon the upper Con
Essentials of United States history . Improvements in trans-portation form one of the most important chapters in thehistory of our modern civilization. The excellent road build-ing of Rome constitutes one of the great legacies bequeathedto us by that ancient civilization. But it was left to thenineteenth century to bring into successful operation rail-roads and steamboats. Not wars, but the quiet triumphs ofpeace, have brought about these great improvements ofmodern life. became President, experiments weremade with a viewto the propelling ofboats by steam. Cap-tain Samuel Moreyon the upper Con-necticut River, JohnFitch at Philadelphiaand New York, andJames Rumsey onthe Potomac River, made the attempt with more or lesssuccess. It was, however, left to Robert Fulton, under thepatronage and largely at the expense of Robert \\. Living-ston, to make successful the American steamboat. Fultonexperimented first in England, then in Paris, and finally inNew York, where, in 1X07, he built the Clermont and made Soon after Washington. The Clermont. JEFFERSONS ADMINISTRATION (1801-1809) 207 a successful trial trip to Albany and back. From that timeimprovements have been rapid in steam navigation, until nowthe great trans-oceanic steam palaces, such as the ships ofthe American, the White Star, the Cunard, and the NorthGerman Lloyd steamship companies, are among the marvelsof the age. 247. Presidential Election (1808). — As Jeffersons secondterm of office drew towards the end, each party held a caucusof its members of Congress and nominated candidates forPresident and Vice-President. The Republicans nominatedJames Madison of Virginia for President, and George Clintonof New York for Vice-President. The Federalists nominatedCharles C. Pinckney of South Carolina and Rufus King ofNew York. Madison and Clinton were chosen. SUMMARY The policy of Jefferson was almost the opposite of that ofthe two Presidents who had preceded him. A strict construc-tionist, he nevertheless authorized the
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