. American engineer and railroad journal . of a timber tie hewn or slabbedfrom a log about 11 ins. in diameter. It presents the ap-pearance in the track of an ordinary tie with a piece 2 long cut out of the center. Hardwood blocks 3 , 9 ins. wide and IS ins. long, designed to cushion shocks,distribute pressure, support derailed trucks and serve a«spiking blocks, are secured to the top of the concrete hardwood block is, of course, centered transversely tothe line of the rail. Cast iron sockets that also serve to spaceand connect the channels are molded in place in


. American engineer and railroad journal . of a timber tie hewn or slabbedfrom a log about 11 ins. in diameter. It presents the ap-pearance in the track of an ordinary tie with a piece 2 long cut out of the center. Hardwood blocks 3 , 9 ins. wide and IS ins. long, designed to cushion shocks,distribute pressure, support derailed trucks and serve a«spiking blocks, are secured to the top of the concrete hardwood block is, of course, centered transversely tothe line of the rail. Cast iron sockets that also serve to spaceand connect the channels are molded in place in the concrete,serve as an anchorage for holding down the hardwood sockets receive suitable bolts, head down, so that whenthey are slipped to place and the holes through which theyare introduced have been plugged they cannot be is estmated that the ties weigh 43G lbs. apiece, and willcost about $ S each. The saving of a few dollars in salary is often very expen-sive. 206 AMERICAN ENGINEER AND RAILROAD a<o s x <Z HJJ I—I P o Of PL, oX <u QZ O ooo J > 3o a p o w z Ph <!KWZ HO June, 1906. AMERICAN ENGINEER AND RAILROAD JOURNAL. 209 SOUTH LOUISVILLE SHOPS. Louisville & Nashville Railroad. GENERAL PLAN AND OPERATION. The feature that impresses one most forcibly in studying theLouisville & Nash\ille Railroad shops at South Louisville isthe careful provision for having the raw materials, which en-ter at the two ends of the plant (wood at one end and metalat the other), travel steadily toward their objective point,near the centre of the plant, which they reach in a finishedstate, requiring a minimum amount of handling and withoutdoubling on their tracks. Not only does this idea predominatein the general arrangement of the shops, but, also as concernsthe equipment and arrangement of each one of the shops. Asthe greater part of the manufacturing work for the entiresystem is done at this point and as considerable new equip-ment is bu


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectrailroadengineering