. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. APPLE DISEASES 67 found on the ^\•()0(ly parts of the apple, and then only on very siLsceptible varieties. Later in the summer small, greenish, sphcrieal enlargements of the leaf may be observed on the cedar. "W-ry soon these take on their final shape, which in some cases is reniform (Fig. IS). The enlargements or galls con- tinue their growth, becom- ing brown and attaining a diameter of two inches or less by the end of the season. During the late autumn and early spring, these galls, or cedar-apples as they are called, show lunnerous depressions o\'er
. Manual of fruit diseases . Fruit. APPLE DISEASES 67 found on the ^\•()0(ly parts of the apple, and then only on very siLsceptible varieties. Later in the summer small, greenish, sphcrieal enlargements of the leaf may be observed on the cedar. "W-ry soon these take on their final shape, which in some cases is reniform (Fig. IS). The enlargements or galls con- tinue their growth, becom- ing brown and attaining a diameter of two inches or less by the end of the season. During the late autumn and early spring, these galls, or cedar-apples as they are called, show lunnerous depressions o\'er their surfaces (Fig. IS) and in early spring a brown horn projects for an inch or more from each depres- sion (Fig. 19). In rainy weather these horns be- come gelatinous and orange-colored. When thus fully formed the cedar-apple resembles a flower, whence the popular name cedar-flowers. Cause of apple-rust. The apple-rust pathogene is a fungus, Gymnosporangium Juniperi-virginianm, with a complex life-history as well as a long name. (The apple-rust fungus common in New England is Gymnosporangium ghhosum Farlow. This species occurs also on pear; see page 341.) Fortunately, however, the cycle of the parasite is well known to botanists and to many apple- growers. The fungus was first found and described on the red cedar, but no suspicion of its connection with the apple. Fig. 19. — Cedar-apples in spring condi- tions. Note the Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Hesler, L. R. (Lexemuel Ray); Whetzel, Herbert Hice, 1877-1944. New York : Macmillan
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