Colonel Ahmed Orabi 1841 1911 Pasha Egyptian army officer general khedive
Colonel Ahmed Orabi or Ahmed Urabi April 1, 1841 - September 21, 1911, Orabi Pasha, Urabi Pasha and Ahmed Pasha Urabi el-Masri; his name was also transliterated Ahmad Arabi in older sources) was an Egyptian army officer and later an army general who revolted against the khedive and European domination of Egypt in 1879 in what has become known as the Urabi Revolt. He was the first Egyptian national political and military leader of Fellahin extraction. The British were especially concerned that Urabi would default on Egypt's massive debt and that he might try to gain control of the Suez Canal. Thus when anti-European riots broke out in Alexandria in 1882 the British fleet opened fire on the city's forts. In September of that year a British army landed in Alexandria but failed to reach Cairo after being defeated in Kafr-el-Dawwar battle. Another army landed in the Canal Zone and on September 13, 1882 they defeated Urabi's army at the Battle of Tel el-Kebir. He was first promoted, then made under-secretary of war, and ultimately a member of the cabinet. Plans were begun to create a parliamentary assembly. During the last months of the revolt (July to September 1882), it was claimed that Urabi held the office of prime minister. Feeling threatened, Khedive Tawfiq called on the sultan to quell the revolt, but the Sublime Porte hesitated.
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