. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. b HERPETOLOGY OF JAPAN. 449 seen from the accoinpanyiiig cut (fig. 361) that if the latter bone (a) be moved forward or backward, the maxillary {d) hinges on the lachrymal (prefrontal) {e) and that if the ectopterygoid be pushed forward the fang is erected. For a more detailed description of the poison apparatus, the poison, etc., see my Poisonous Snakes of North America.* , The Crotalid snakes are found in both hemispheres. They are entirely absent,however, in Africa aild the southwestern corner of Asia, as well as in Australia. The}"
. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. b HERPETOLOGY OF JAPAN. 449 seen from the accoinpanyiiig cut (fig. 361) that if the latter bone (a) be moved forward or backward, the maxillary {d) hinges on the lachrymal (prefrontal) {e) and that if the ectopterygoid be pushed forward the fang is erected. For a more detailed description of the poison apparatus, the poison, etc., see my Poisonous Snakes of North America.* , The Crotalid snakes are found in both hemispheres. They are entirely absent,however, in Africa aild the southwestern corner of Asia, as well as in Australia. The}" are practically unknown in *, ^^=^-^ (JL Europe also, except that one spe- cies enters the extreme south- eastern corner. . Fig. 361.—Poison apparatus of a Ce-otalid Ihe general impression that snake, right side, a, external pterygoid the Crotalidse are overwhelmingly ^^ (ectopterygoid or transpalatine); 6, _*=_'' internal ptery'goid bone (entoptery-goid) ; American in their distribution is c, palatal bone; (f, maxillary bone; e,LACHRY- ,•1 1 ,in MAL bone (prefrontal). (AfTER MITCHELL.) Gn tirely erroneo LIS, as nearly 40 per cent of the known species occur in Asia, and I am strongly of the opinion that the family originated in the Old World and spread to America afterward. The rattlesnakes which are peculiar to the latter continent are the latest specialization of the type. KEY TO r\PANESE GENERA OF a} Top of head with large symmt trical shields Agkistrodon, p. 449. a^ Top of head covered with scale s Tmneresurns, p. 465. Genus AGKISTRODON & Beauvois. 1799. Agkistrodon Beauvois, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, IV, p. 381 (type, A. mokasen). 1802. Scytale Latreille, Hist. Nat. Rept., Ill, p. 158 (same type). 1803. Cenchris Daudin, Bull. Soc. Fhilom. (Paris), III, No. 72, March 1803, p. 188 (same type). 1819. Scytalus Rafinesque, Am. Journ. Sci., I, p. 84 (emendation). 1826. Tisiphone Fitzinger, Neue Class. Rept., pp. 34, 63 (type, T. cuprea). 1826. Trigonocephalus
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