. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. CHAPTER V. ynf INTERFEROMETERS FOR PARALLEL AND FOR CROSSED RAYS. 34. Introduction. Methods.—To exchange the component beams of the interferometer, to mutually replace the two pencils which interfere, is not an unusual desideratum, for instance, in the famous experiment of Michelson and Morley. To replace two pencils of component rays, traveling more or less parallel to each other, by pencils moving more or less normal to each other, or to be able to operate upon pencils of corresponding rays (from the same source, crossing each other at any an
. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. CHAPTER V. ynf INTERFEROMETERS FOR PARALLEL AND FOR CROSSED RAYS. 34. Introduction. Methods.—To exchange the component beams of the interferometer, to mutually replace the two pencils which interfere, is not an unusual desideratum, for instance, in the famous experiment of Michelson and Morley. To replace two pencils of component rays, traveling more or less parallel to each other, by pencils moving more or less normal to each other, or to be able to operate upon pencils of corresponding rays (from the same source, crossing each other at any angle) at their point of intersection, may be of interest in a variety of operations to which the interferometer lends itself, or may even suggest novel experiments. The facility with which this may be done, or at least partially done, with the above types of spectrum interferometers, particularly when homogeneous light is used, has tempted me to investigate a number of cases. Let us begin with the above diagram- matic method, using two transmitting gratings, G and G', figure 56, with the same (or in general with different) grating con- stants. Let L be the incident beam of collimated homogeneous light, m, n, m', n', four opaque mirrors on vertical and hori- zontal axes parallel to their faces. The ruled faces of the gratings are to be toward each other. Then the beams Gm and Gn may be reflected either across each other, as shown at win' and nm', thence along n'G' and m'G', and, after a second diffraction at G', unite to enter the telescope at T; or they may be reflected along m, m', and n, nf, parallel to each other, and thereafter take the same course. In the first case homogeneous light is apparently not necessary. It will be seen that the path of the rays is the same, except for the branches mn' and nm'', and mm' and nn', respectively normal and parallel to each other; moreover, that the rays are exchanged, a and 6 left and right combining at G' in one case, b and a left an
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