. The California fruits and how to grow them; a manual of methods which have yielded greatest success, with the lists of varieties best adapted to the differenct districts of the state. Fruit-culture. GRAFTING GRAPE VINES 299 year, unless the stock is exceptionally vigorous. Budding is most successful in the month of August. The buds should be taken from canes which have reached the stage of maturity indicated by the pith turning white and just before the bark turns yellow. Grafting the Vine.—Grafting in old vine roots is a simple opera- tion, and is performed in various ways. The principles i
. The California fruits and how to grow them; a manual of methods which have yielded greatest success, with the lists of varieties best adapted to the differenct districts of the state. Fruit-culture. GRAFTING GRAPE VINES 299 year, unless the stock is exceptionally vigorous. Budding is most successful in the month of August. The buds should be taken from canes which have reached the stage of maturity indicated by the pith turning white and just before the bark turns yellow. Grafting the Vine.—Grafting in old vine roots is a simple opera- tion, and is performed in various ways. The principles involved in vine grafting are similar to those affecting tree grafting, as de- scribed in Chapter IX. The processes employed are also similar, but the graft requires less binding and waxing is dispensed with, because the graft is made beneath the surface of the ground, and is, therefore, less subject to accident, exposure, and drying out. Grafting in the Old Stump.—This is resorted to when the char- acter of the vineyard is to be changed. Out of the many ways for. Budding from previous season's growth. working into old stumps, one introduces the scion by a side cut into the stock without splitting across. The earth is removed from the old vine down to its first lateral roots, and the top is sawed off cleanly a few inches above the first laterals. A cut is then made into the side of the stump with a knife and mallet. The scion is then cut long enough so that one bud will remain above ground when the surface is leveled again, the bottom of the scion being given an oblique wedge-shape, so as to fit the crevice in the stock. Some care is needed in shaping the wedge of the scion, so that the surfaces in contact will give good results. If the stock is well made and the end of the scion so adjusted that the stock will pinch it when it is pushed into place, nothing more will be needed except to smear over the cut surface of the stump and the joint of the scion and stock with clay or
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