. Soil physics and management. wasdissolved. When 40 grains of powdered hornblende were digestedfor 48 hours in carbonated water at a temperature of 60 degrees following percentages were dissolved: Silica. ; oxide ofiron, ; lime. : and magnesia. It is to be under-stood that this process will not take place so rapidly under naturalconditions because the minerals are more massive, but at the sametim^ the process is going on constantly. Eichard ^liiller has shownthat durino; seven weeks of treatment of minerals with carbonated WEATHERING 23 water that per cent of
. Soil physics and management. wasdissolved. When 40 grains of powdered hornblende were digestedfor 48 hours in carbonated water at a temperature of 60 degrees following percentages were dissolved: Silica. ; oxide ofiron, ; lime. : and magnesia. It is to be under-stood that this process will not take place so rapidly under naturalconditions because the minerals are more massive, but at the sametim^ the process is going on constantly. Eichard ^liiller has shownthat durino; seven weeks of treatment of minerals with carbonated WEATHERING 23 water that per cent of the entire weight of oligoclase, cent of hornblende, per cent of magnetite, per centof apatite, per cent of olivine and per cent of serpen-tine were dissolved. The calcium, magnesium, and other alkaliswere in solution in the form of carbonates. Carbonated water actsvery readily upon limestone, and the caverns found in our largelimestone deposits in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Virginia bear. : Fig. 13.—Stalactites and stalagmites formed in a cavern from limestone dissolved by carbonated water while passing through the rocks above. Rooks, Rock-Weathering and Soils, Merrill. (Courtesy The Macmillan Company.) evidence of the great solvent power of water. It is stated that thereare 150,000 miles of subterranean passageways in the limestoneregion of Kentucky, and practically all of this material was removedby carbonated water. In these caves the stalactites and stalagmitesowe their origin to the limestone dissolved by the water before itenters the cavern (Fig. 13). The solution of the limestone hasproduced sinkholes on the surface that gives a peculiar topography 24 SOIL PHYSICS AND MANAGEMENT to cave regions. These sinkholes or basins vary in size from ten totwo hundred feet or more across and from three to fifty feet indepth (Fig. 14). They vary in frequency as well as size. In somelocalities there are only a few small ones that are not objec
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