. Railroad construction, theory and practice; a text-book for the use of students in colleges and technical schools, and a hand-book for the use of engineers in field and office . \ Fia. 41. points {c and d) as will be determined by the required slopeangle (/?). The normal section in fill is as shown in Fig. 41. The pointsc and d are likewise determined by the intersection of the re- 104 §89. EARTHWORK. 106 quired side slopes with the natural surface. In case the requiredroadbed {ah in Fig. 42) intersects the natural surface, both cut. Fig. 42. and fill are required, and the points c and d are


. Railroad construction, theory and practice; a text-book for the use of students in colleges and technical schools, and a hand-book for the use of engineers in field and office . \ Fia. 41. points {c and d) as will be determined by the required slopeangle (/?). The normal section in fill is as shown in Fig. 41. The pointsc and d are likewise determined by the intersection of the re- 104 §89. EARTHWORK. 106 quired side slopes with the natural surface. In case the requiredroadbed {ah in Fig. 42) intersects the natural surface, both cut. Fig. 42. and fill are required, and the points c and d are determined asbefore. Note that /? and /? are not necessarily equal. Theirproper values will be discussed later. 89. Terminal pyramids and wedges. Fig. 43 illustrates thegeneral form of cross-sections when there is a transition fromcut to fill. a,.,g represents the grade line of the road which


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