. Appendix to the Journals of the Senate and Assembly of the ... session of the Legislature of the State of California . M FIG. 18. Leg of abeetle (Caloso-ma calidum). c,coxa; el, claws;/, femur; s, spur;tx-P, tarsal seg-ments; tb, tibia;tr, trochanter. 3dA 2dA tstA FIG. 19. Hypothetical type of venation. A, anal vein; C, costa; Cu,cubitus; M, media; R, radius; Sc, subcosta. (After Comstock andNeedham.) animals. The legs are modified in many ways to meetthe requirements of the insect, and are adapted to run-ning, leaping, swimming, burrowing, or grasping their. /st A FIG. 20. Wing of a fly (Rh
. Appendix to the Journals of the Senate and Assembly of the ... session of the Legislature of the State of California . M FIG. 18. Leg of abeetle (Caloso-ma calidum). c,coxa; el, claws;/, femur; s, spur;tx-P, tarsal seg-ments; tb, tibia;tr, trochanter. 3dA 2dA tstA FIG. 19. Hypothetical type of venation. A, anal vein; C, costa; Cu,cubitus; M, media; R, radius; Sc, subcosta. (After Comstock andNeedham.) animals. The legs are modified in many ways to meetthe requirements of the insect, and are adapted to run-ning, leaping, swimming, burrowing, or grasping their. /st A FIG. 20. Wing of a fly (Rhyphus). A, anal vein; C, costa; Cu, cubitus:M, media; R, radius; Sc, subcosta. (After Comstock and Needham.) prey, according to the habits of the species. The tarsus is composedof several parts or segments, usually five, the last one generally beingprovided with one or two claws. Wings.—There are usually two pairs of wings, and these are borneon the last two segments of the thorax—the mesothorax and the meta-thorax. As above stated, either one or both pairs may be absent, butwhen so they are usually represented by rudimentary pads or otherorgans. In the order Diptera, or two-winged flies, a pair of smallhooked or knobbed organs, known as halteres, or poisers, represent ENTOMOLOGY IN OUTLINE—STRUCTURE OP INSECTS. 53
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