History and government of New Mexico . opped as low as thirty. Profits seldomwent higher than forty per cent, frequently dropped as lowas ten, and averaged fifteen to twenty per cent. 128. The Santa Fe Trail. — The early adventurers inthis direction started from St. Louis, Kaskaskia, FortSmith, or wherever was most convenient. They usuallyfollowed up the valley of the Arkansas to the region of LaJunta and then turned southwest across the mountains io6 THE HISTORY OF NEW MEXICO to Taos and Santa Fe. But in 1822 Becknell brought thefirst American party over the new route known as theCimarron Cut
History and government of New Mexico . opped as low as thirty. Profits seldomwent higher than forty per cent, frequently dropped as lowas ten, and averaged fifteen to twenty per cent. 128. The Santa Fe Trail. — The early adventurers inthis direction started from St. Louis, Kaskaskia, FortSmith, or wherever was most convenient. They usuallyfollowed up the valley of the Arkansas to the region of LaJunta and then turned southwest across the mountains io6 THE HISTORY OF NEW MEXICO to Taos and Santa Fe. But in 1822 Becknell brought thefirst American party over the new route known as theCimarron Cut-Off, first explored by Pierre Vial in 1792(sec. 103), which soon became the main line of the SantaFe Trail. For some years Franklin, Missouri, was thestarting point. Then boats began to land at the newtown of Independence on the river a hundred miles fartherwest, and after 1830 Independence became the chief out-fitting point. Another route in regular use followed up the Arkansasto Bents Fort, came through Raton Pass, and joined the. Bents Fort, A Restoration under the Direction of R. E. Twitchell Cimarron trail at the Mora River near Wagon traders came up the Arkansas and Canadian fromFort Smith. The warmer Canadian route had grass forthe stock of the returning caravans later in the fall. 129. The Overland Journey. — From Independencewest to Council Grove the Trail lay through well-wateredprairie, then over arid plains to the ford of the Arkansasbelow modern Dodge City, across the Cimarron desert tothe Cimarron River, thence by the Wagon Mound to the THE MEXICAN PERIOD 107 first settlement at San Miguel, and through Pecos andApache Canyon to Santa Fe. Las Vegas was not settleduntil 1835. Here was a journey that appealed to the keen, sturdyScotch-Irish Westerners, who loved adventure and fearedno danger. Half of it was American and half Mexican,with the Arkansas River as the dividing line. At CouncilGrove the traders would assemble and organize for pro-tection th
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