. Electric traction and transmission engineering . Fig. 4. seats for the accommodation of passengers during the rushhours, the seating capacity of the car is thus determined. Climatic conditions and limitations as to the total amountof rolling stock determine the characteristics of car-body 10 TRACTION AXD TRANSMISSION. construction as to whether it shall be open, closed, con-vertible, semiconvertible, double-decked, or combinationopen and closed. Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show the character-. istic forms of construction of convertible, Narragansettopen, and scmicon\ertible interurban cars respectively
. Electric traction and transmission engineering . Fig. 4. seats for the accommodation of passengers during the rushhours, the seating capacity of the car is thus determined. Climatic conditions and limitations as to the total amountof rolling stock determine the characteristics of car-body 10 TRACTION AXD TRANSMISSION. construction as to whether it shall be open, closed, con-vertible, semiconvertible, double-decked, or combinationopen and closed. Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show the character-. istic forms of construction of convertible, Narragansettopen, and scmicon\ertible interurban cars respectively. Fig. 6 (top) shows a pay-as-you-enter car which is beingextensi\-ely adopted for congested urban traffic because itfacilitates comfort, ingress and egress of passengers, andcollection and conservation of fares. In non-congestedtraffic districts one-man cars. Fig. 6 (bottom), are beingused, wherewith the motorman is the only attendant;naturally the cost of operation is reduced. The arrangement of seats, as to whether they shall betransverse, longitudinal, or partly both, is dictated by thetype of serxice to be rendered. Transverse seats are farmore comfortable for seated passengers and are essentialin long-haul service. Longitudinal seats greatly facilitateingress and egress of passengers, give greater comfort tostanding passengers, and as a rule permit of a greater ratioof standing to seated passengers. In urban and frequent- NUMBER AND SIZE OF CARS FOR URBAN ROAD. 11 stop s
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