. Comparative zoology, structural and systematic. For use in schools and colleges. Zoology. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 187 traction of the vocalizing muscles, except in the very act of vocalization. The vocal sounds produced by Mammals may be distinguished into the ordinary voice, the cry, and the song. The second is the sound made by brutes. The Whale, Porpoise, Armadil- lo, Ant-eater, Porcupine, and Giraffe are generally silent. The Bat's voice is prob- _^^,,, ably the shrillest sound audible to human ' ^'" "''' ears. There is little modulation in brute utterance. The Opossum purrs, the S
. Comparative zoology, structural and systematic. For use in schools and colleges. Zoology. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 187 traction of the vocalizing muscles, except in the very act of vocalization. The vocal sounds produced by Mammals may be distinguished into the ordinary voice, the cry, and the song. The second is the sound made by brutes. The Whale, Porpoise, Armadil- lo, Ant-eater, Porcupine, and Giraffe are generally silent. The Bat's voice is prob- _^^,,, ably the shrillest sound audible to human ' ^'" "''' ears. There is little modulation in brute utterance. The Opossum purrs, the Sloth and Kangaroo moan, the Hog grunts or squeals, the Tapir whistles, the Stag bel- Laiyux, seen m lows, and the Elephant gives a hoarse trump- IT^ll^ "hjold et sound from its trunk and a deep ffroan ^.""^^ ^' ^''^^ •• ° chea; /, asoph- from its throat. All sheep have a guttural agus;fir,epigiot- voice; all the Cows low, from the Bison to the Musk-ox; all the Horses and Donkeys neigh; all the Cats miau, from the domestic animal to the Lion; all the Bears growl; and all the Canine family—Fox, Wolf, and Dog—bark or howl. The Howling-monkeys and Goril- las have a large cavity, or sac, in the throat for resonance, enabling them to utter a powerful voice; and one of the Gibbon-apes has the remarkable power of emitting a com- plete octave of musical notes. The human voice, taking the male and female togethei', has a range of nearly fom* octaves. Man's power of speech, or the utterance of artic- ulate sounds, is due to his intellectual development rath- er than to any structural difference between him and the Apes. Song is produced by the glottis, speech by the Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Orton, James, 1830-1877. New York, Harper and brothers
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