ACETYLCHOLINE SYNAPSE
Cholinergic neurotransmission. At the level of the cholinergic synapse, the nerve impulse is transmitted between the two neurons thanks to acetylcholine (ACh, brown and blue ball). Acetylcholine is synthetized inside the cytoplasm of the presynaptic neuron from choline (Ch, blue half-sphere) and acetyl group (A, brown half-sphere) provided by acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-S-CoA, in yellow). Acetylcholine, stocked inside synaptic vesicles, is released in the synaptic cleft and fixes to receptors of the postsynaptic neuron (nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, in blue). It is then degraded by the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) into choline and acetate. The choline is then recapted by the presynaptic neuron and reused. The rate of acetylcholine being reduced in the brain of individuals affected with Alzheimer's disease, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (galantamine, donepezil) are used in the framework of the treatment of the disease.
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