. London . Saxons found it deserted, and how London wasborn, not the daughter of Augusta at all. Augusta was child-less. APPENDIX TO CHAPTER I The principal Roman buildings consisted of a bridge, a wall, a fortat either end of this bridge, and two ports—Queenhithe and Billings-gate. - No one knows when the bridge was built : the wall was noterected until some time between 350 and 369. At that timethe area enclosed by the wall was covered with villas and wall has been traced with certainty, and portions either of theoriginal wall or the mediaeval repairs have been found in
. London . Saxons found it deserted, and how London wasborn, not the daughter of Augusta at all. Augusta was child-less. APPENDIX TO CHAPTER I The principal Roman buildings consisted of a bridge, a wall, a fortat either end of this bridge, and two ports—Queenhithe and Billings-gate. - No one knows when the bridge was built : the wall was noterected until some time between 350 and 369. At that timethe area enclosed by the wall was covered with villas and wall has been traced with certainty, and portions either of theoriginal wall or the mediaeval repairs have been found in many places,and may still be seen above ground. The Roman remains which havebeen dug up consist of mosaic pavements, sepulchral cists, keys, toiletarticles, lamps, fibula?, amphorae, domestic things, and a few bronzestatuettes. Nothing whatever has been found to show that Augustawas ever a great city, in the sense that Massilia, Ephesus, Bordeaux,or Alexandria was great. D 2 36 LONDON II SAXON AND NORMAN. LONDON STONE, CANNON STREET,AS IT APPEARED IN 180O THE citizens of New London—Augusta having thus perished—were from the outset a peopleof mixed race. But the Saxons,and especially the East Saxons,prevailed. Strangely, it is Essexwhich has always prevailed inLondon. The modern Cockneydialect, which says laidy and baiby for lady and baby, and whoy and hoigh for whyand high, is pure Essex: youcan hear it spoken all overthe country districts of that little-visited county: it isa dialect so strong that it destroys all other fashions ofspeech, even the burr of Cumberland and the broad drawlof Devonshire. Saxon London was mainly East , besides the new owners of London, there was, firstof all, some remnant of the scattered Welsh. I do notmean the miserable survivors of Augustan London, foundin the place when it was first entered, but those Britons whohad taken refuge in the forests of Surrey, Sussex, andMiddlesex, and there lived as they could, until they couldsafely
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