. rty-four, or 15% weredue to diarrhoea in infants under two years of age. Twenty-three, or 10% were due to tuberculosis for all ages. Nine, or of the deaths were due to typhoid fever. In June, 1909, there were two hundred and thirteen deathsin the City of Richmond, of which thirty-nine, or 18% were dueto diarrhoea in infants under two years of age. Eighteen, of the deaths were due to tuberculosis for all ages. Nodeaths from typhoid fever. INFANT MORTALITY 185 It has been estimated that 150,000 deaths result annually inthe United States from tuberculosis, and that 300,
. rty-four, or 15% weredue to diarrhoea in infants under two years of age. Twenty-three, or 10% were due to tuberculosis for all ages. Nine, or of the deaths were due to typhoid fever. In June, 1909, there were two hundred and thirteen deathsin the City of Richmond, of which thirty-nine, or 18% were dueto diarrhoea in infants under two years of age. Eighteen, of the deaths were due to tuberculosis for all ages. Nodeaths from typhoid fever. INFANT MORTALITY 185 It has been estimated that 150,000 deaths result annually inthe United States from tuberculosis, and that 300,000 infantsperish annually during- the first year. In France, the tragedy is well pictured in the French chart,familiar to every child specialist, called the Eifel Tower/Here we have a contrast in morbidity between children suckledand those fed upon artificial food. Among the former the ratioof deaths remains comparatively constant until we reach Julyand August, when it rises to a considerable but not startling. degree, falling shortly afterwards and remaining as at first untilthe close of the year. With artificially fed infants, however, itis always subject to leaps and bounds. When July is reached 186 ST. GEO. T. GRINNAN the leap is frightful, reaching- in France two hundred and fifty-five per thousand born. Great credit is due Nathan Straus, who seventeen yearsago began his campaign against impure milk. Splendid resultshave been achieved and the milk reform is gradually spreadingover the entire country. Pure milk is only one factor. Moreimportant than to supply a substitute for breast milk is to en-courage breast feeding and render it possible to remove theconditions of under nourishment and employment which pre-vents women from nursing—and to educate mothers to realizenot only the importance of maternal nursing, but also the valueof sanitation, infant feeding, infant hygiene and the propercare of their infants and themselves. Illegitimacy is a factor in high infant mortal
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