Manual of Egyptian archæology and guide to the study of antiquities in EgyptFor the use of students and travellers . ble objects of the funeraryoutfit. The stone pyramid of Zowyet el Aryan has recentlybeen examined by Dr. Reisner, and proves to bealso a step pyramid, apparently of the ThirdDynasty. The next advance we note in this development ofthe royal tombs is the pyramid of SeneferCi, lastPharaoh of the Third Dynasty, and the predecessorof Khufu. His pyramid is at Medum. It consistsof three square stages with sloping sides resemblingthree mastabas placed one above another (fig. 148).Like t
Manual of Egyptian archæology and guide to the study of antiquities in EgyptFor the use of students and travellers . ble objects of the funeraryoutfit. The stone pyramid of Zowyet el Aryan has recentlybeen examined by Dr. Reisner, and proves to bealso a step pyramid, apparently of the ThirdDynasty. The next advance we note in this development ofthe royal tombs is the pyramid of SeneferCi, lastPharaoh of the Third Dynasty, and the predecessorof Khufu. His pyramid is at Medum. It consistsof three square stages with sloping sides resemblingthree mastabas placed one above another (fig. 148).Like the step pyramid of Saqqara, it is a cumulative 156 TOMBS. mastaba. The entrance is on the north, about 53 feetabo\e the sand (fig. 149). At a distance of 60 feet thepassage enters the rock. At 174 feet it runs levelfor 40 feet, when it stops and rises perpendicularlyfor 21 feet, and then opens on the floor of the set of beams and ropes which are still in placeabove the opening show how the spoilers drew thesarcophagus out of the chamber in ancient have already seen (p. 72) that the small chapel. Fig. 148.—Pyramid of RIedum. built against the eastern slope of the pyramid re-mains intact. Thus by the time of the Fourth Dynasty the royaltomb, like the mastaba, consisted of three parts, thechapel, the passage, and the vault, but on a specialplan of which the ordinary tomb gives no is the pyramid, inside which is the sepulchralchamber and the passages, while the chapel or hallof offerings has developed into an actual templebuilt on the eastern face of the pyramid, in mostcases supplemented by the valley temple at the foot ofthe hill. THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS. 157 The pyramid and upper temple were surroundedby a high stone wall enclosing a rectangular temenospaved with large stone slabs. The door was alwaysin the northern face. On three sides of the pyramidlong galleries were dug in the solid rock to containofferings and provisions for the dead king
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